BCJ582 Final Exam

Relapse prevention programs for sex offenders are designed to ______.

incapacitate offenders so that they are unable to reoffend

provide work opportunities so that offenders will be too busy to reoffend

prevent reoffending through chemical castration

teach offenders ways to avoid high-risk situations, or cope with high risk situations that cannot be avoided so that reoffending will be less likely

Personality characteristics of severely antisocial offenders present challenges for which component of treatment?

administering pharmaceutical treatment

creating a therapeutic alliance

providing skills training

encouraging present centered thinking

Issues of formation of trusting relationships, delays of gratification, separation and individuation, and “working through” are primarily examples of which family therapy model?

communications

psychodynamic

structural

social learning

_________ introduces positive reinforcements, in which deviant fantasies are replaced with non-deviant fantasies.

Aversive therapy

Aversive reinforcement strategies

Masturbatory conditioning

Systematic role reinforcement conditioning

The DSM-5 indicates that prevalence rates of APD are between _______ to _______ of the general

population.

a. 0.2%; 3.3%

b. 1.2%; 5.5%

c. 10.2%; 15.6%

d. 20.2%; 25.3%

Outward Bound and Youth Wilderness Programs offer youth offenders opportunities to engage in socially acceptable group activities. Which of the following is NOT an opportunity provided by these programs?

money management

physical conditioning

team training

technical training

Classification subgrouping assists the correctional program in which of the following?

predictions about future behavior

identifying needs

planning treatment

all of the above

_________ is a behavioral strategy in which the client and the counselor agree on what behaviors will be expected from the client and what, in turn, the counselor will provide for the client as well as what other outcomes might occur.

Negative reinforcement

Positive reinforcement

Contingency or behavioral contracting

Token economy

Group counseling is a preferred mode of providing offender treatment because ______.

groups provide the offender with a wealth of new information gathered from interactions with other individuals

offenders challenge each other with feedback

peer group pressure and influence are inherently therapeutic

all of the above

According to research based on the CPAI-2000, a shortcoming found in at least 50 percent of all programs was ______.

client preservice assessment

staff characteristics

implementation

all of the above

Seeking Safety is a gender-responsive, cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy treatment program that specifically targets women who suffer from a dual diagnosis of ______.

substance abuse and post-traumatic stress disorder

substance abuse and manic depression

substance abuse and bipolar disorder

substance abuse and schizophrenia

Which of the following does NOT constitute a functional treatment component for delinquents?

fully-trained staff

appropriate recreational activities

strengthening their conscience by helping them to ignore their guilt feelings

exploitation of live events

Correctional staff should assign _______ to half-way houses once released from prison.

low-risk offenders

medium-risk offenders

high-risk offenders

none of the above

It is hoped clients will see goal behaviors modeled outside of treatment groups, but treatment efforts are often discouraged when ______.

parents and family members model aggressive behaviors

institutional staff model antisocial behaviors

peers encourage delinquents to revisit criminal behavior

all of the above

Forever Free is a gender-responsive cognitive-behavioral program which addresses ______.

a. antisocial attitudes

b. employment and financial independence

c. anger management

d. educational attainments

Motivational Interviewing is an approach that can be used by correctional counselors to _________.

enhance an offender’s intrinsic motivation to change

explore and resolve an offender’s ambivalence about change

elicit change talk from an offender

all of the above

Which of the following is TRUE of major depressive disorder?

those with this disorder experience a depressed mood almost every day

it is equally common in men and women

it is not a common inmate experience

it tends to be of low intensity

The statistical technique of meta-analysis ______.

corrects methodological problems of individual studies

allows the summarizing of results across studies

creates a statistic to gauge effectiveness of program types

all of the above

In the curriculum titled Problem Solving, participants are instructed on “the conflict cycle,” which helps them understand how ______.

to make the right choice of what to do

to define the problem and determine resolution

their thinking can lead to consequences

to differentiate facts from opinions

Why is validity regarding classification systems an ethical consideration?

Offenders can be profoundly affected by their correctional classification.

Risk assessments sometimes determine early prison release.

c. Prison classification systems determine whether an inmate will be placed in a minimum-custody facility or in a medium- or maximum-custody facility.

d. all of the above

All of the following are recommended non-verbal expressions of approval of a client’s statement or behavior EXCEPT:

eye contact

smiling

a sharing of experiences

hugging

Burns states that by dwelling on negative details and leaving out the positive aspects, ______

occurs.

disqualifying

magnification

mental filtering

catastrophizing

The counselor’s praise of an inmate’s acquisition of a socially appropriate behavior is called ______.

vicarious reinforcement

external reinforcement

self-reinforcement

covert modeling reinforcement

A major ethical issue is seen in the counselor’s divided loyalties between ______.

practical concerns and ideals

institution and offender

theoretical concepts and practice

all of the above

______, developed by Maxwell Jones, was initially designed to assist returning prisoners of war after World War II.

Human potential seminars

Gestalt group therapy

Psychodrama

d. Milieu therapy

Which of the following is a type of symptom of dysfunctional self-regulation according to Ward and Hudson (2000)?

disinhibition, or loss of control over emotions/behavior

depressive symptoms

suicidality

identity disturbance, or persistently unstable self-image or sense of self

What are the implications of treating children according to psychoanalytic therapy?

staff should provide treatment in a loving and hygienic environment

focus on ego support through recreational activities

staff should exploit live events in day-to-day living

all of the above

The most successful substance abuse interventions are ______.

educational approaches

psychotherapy approaches

cognitive-behavioral approaches

confrontational approaches

Agencies could incur serious problems with treatment integrity if they ______.

omit adequate training

develop treatment manuals

implement the program as it was designed

maintain good relationships with the participants

All of the following are ways in which helping professionals can be sensitized to ethnic variations

EXCEPT:

suggesting ways in which the operating procedures of the criminal justice system come into conflict with the values and lifestyles of people from specific ethnic backgrounds

clarifying the likely sources of conflict between service providers and clients from specific ethnic groups

enrolling in a foreign language program to communicate better with a specific ethnic group

providing greater understanding of the specific needs of the people from specific backgrounds

All of the following are examples of problematic staff characteristics identified by the Correctional Program Assessment Inventory EXCEPT:

staff have large gaps of knowledge regarding criminological theories of criminal behavior

staff lack basic concepts of classical and operant conditioning

staff were authoritarian and often displayed favoritism

staff were hired based on characteristics instead of clinical experience and training

How do women often become involved in substance use?

through family members

through friends

through significant others

all of the above

The treatment implications of the risk principle include ______.

identifying high-, medium-, and low-risk offenders

directing intensive treatment efforts to high- and medium-risk offenders

refraining from assigning low-risk offenders to intensive interventions

all of the above

For a person to be considered intellectually disabled, his or her IQ score must be about ______ or below AND be accompanied by deficits in adaptive behavior.

100

When a behavioral therapist creates a situation for a client in which aversive elements are woven into a story involving a desired object, it is known as ______.

mini-phobia

negative reinforcement

covert sensitization

systematic desensitization

Treatment of psychopathy can be conducted in a group setting under all of the following conditions

EXCEPT:

a. A proportion of the participants must be non-psychopathic.

b. Entry to the group must be open.

c. The group must contain an equal amount of males and females.

d. Individuals who are further along in the stages of change must serve as learning models for those in earlier stages.

Which of the following is a criticism of person-centered therapy?

Offenders could misinterpret paraphrasing as tacit approval for their behavior.

The counselor may appear to be reinforcing inappropriate behavior.

Therapy does not address or confront the offender’s behavior.

all of the above

Transfer training ______.

helps clients to generalize newly learned behaviors outside of the treatment setting

includes role-playing in a variety of situations

may involve overlearning material

all of the above

______ focuses on stress management, distress acceptance, and emotional control.

Aversive therapy

Dialectical Behavioral Therapy

Social skills training

Psychoanalytic therapy

_________ is a therapeutic intervention that assists offenders’ ability to understand the feelings of others and challenges offenders’ cognitive distortions.

Empathy training

Role-playing

Covert desensitization

Aversion therapy

Intervention for psychopathic sex offenders should also include which type of strategy?

interpersonal-therapy

relapse prevention

socialization

incapacitation

In treating an offender who requires medication to control a mental disorder, which of the following professionals would be legally qualified to administer such a medication?

psychologist

clinical social worker

psychiatrist

psychometricist

What are the implications when staff do not conduct a thorough review of the literature and its effectiveness before implementing a proposed program?

they may repeat the mistakes of others

they may be chasing the latest panacea

they may be following a hunch

all of the above

The second level of communication, which can convey as much information as the verbal content of conversation, is known as ______.

nonverbal language

intracommunication

metacommunication

neocommunication

What can the counselor do to avoid extended debates with offenders?

point out the thinking errors that led to the offenders’ consequences

terminate the counseling session for the time being

point out the self-defeating nature of the offenders’ behavior

all of the above

Freud, Rogers, and others discouraged the use of family therapy because ______.

they were afraid that family secrets might be discussed

they saw such a move as contaminating the client-therapist relationship

longitudinal studies convinced them that family therapy was ineffective

d. international governing bodies refused to fund research on family studies

Most people who commit suicide ______.

never give any warning of what they plan to do

communicate their intent to a correctional counselor, but not to other inmates or family members

communicate their intent to other inmates or family members, either directly or indirectly

do so impulsively, with no time to give any warning

Penile plethysmography ______.

is controversial because its use involves the presentation of deviant stimuli

is one of the most reliable ways to determine whether a person is a sexual offender

measures a person’s arousal patterns by recording brain wave activity while the person sleeps

all of the above

The ______ model of substance abuse views alcoholism as a result of personal choice.

moral

temperance

educational

disease

_________ is the assessment tool that is used most frequently.

Psychopathy Checklist–Revised

Inventory of Psychopathic Traits

Structured Clinical Interview for Personality Disorders

Antisocial Personality Questionnaire

When counseling offenders in a group setting, it is important to know that they ______.

are all criminals

are all motivated to change

are often not motivated to change

love the warden

Major depressive disorder differs from dysthymia in that ______.

intermittent normal moods may last a few days or weeks in major depression, but not in dysthymia

b. major depressive disorder must include sexual dysfunction

c. major depressive disorder requires more symptoms and they are present for a longer duration than in dysthymia

d. dysthymia is of a longer duration than major depressive disorder

The primary goal of Albert Ellis’s Rational Emotive Therapy is to ______.

challenge and confront the client’s incorrect and maladaptive beliefs

identify maladaptive schemas or patterns of cognitive distortion that may be resulting in unhappiness and/or depression

expose clients to stress under controlled conditions so that they can gain more effective ways of coping

learn a functional approach to social problem solving

The defense mechanism of finding an acceptable reason for doing something unacceptable is known as ______.

rationalization

regression

denial

repression

In ______, one negative event is seen as a never-ending pattern of defeat.

all-or-nothing thinking

overgeneralization

magnification

shoulding

The function of the _________ is to balance the wishes of the _________, the social demands of

_________, and the requirements of one’s external environment.

superego; id; ego

ego; id; superego

id; ego; superego

id; superego; ego

According to the text, the major difference in family therapy models is primarily in their ______.

dislike of each other

b. accusations that the other has poorly constructed longitudinal studies

c. treatment focus, or the type of family problem that is addressed in therapy d. none of the above

The process by which family members distort the experiences of other members by denial or relabeling is known as ______.

metacommunication

mystification

the double bind

therapeutic paradox

The use of shock treatment is MOST closely associated with which of the following treatments?

covert sensitization

aversive imagery

aversion therapy

systematic reinforcement therapy

Which of the following is an example of a negative schizophrenic symptom?

hallucinations, both visual and auditory

emotional turmoil resulting from internal confusion

emotional unresponsiveness

delusions or thought disorders

Gender-responsive practices include ______.

gender-informed risk/needs assessments

female-specific programming

trauma-informed policies, supervision, and treatment

all of the above

Which of the following statements is NOT a technique used by the radical behavioral approach to substance abuse treatment?

free association

stimuli manipulation

community reinforcement

d. gaining alternative sources of pleasure

Which of the following is NOT a facet of the four-factor model of psychopathy?

relational

affective

lifestyle

antisocial

Domains on the Gender Informed Practices Assessment include ______.

leadership and philosophy

staffing and training

assessment and classification

all of the above

In the final stage of Postconventional Reasoning ______.

decisions are predicated on the desire to avoid punishment

decisions reflect a desire to maintain social institutions

ethical principles and respect for others are used to generate moral decisions

moral reasoning reflects an application of the “Golden Rule”

Many counselors are reluctant to build personal involvement with offenders because they ______.

have very little time to do so due to their heavy caseloads

are aware that personal involvement with offenders is unethical

fear manipulation and exploitation from the offenders

fear becoming overly emotionally involved with the offenders

Cognitive skills programs that include Living Skills have provided offenders with a foundation for later modules such as ______.

community reintegration

parenting skills

managing their finances

all of the above

Which group of offenders may not respond well to a system of rewards and punishments?

a. persons with psychopathic personality traits

b. children diagnosed with conduct disorder

c. adults diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder

d. all of the above

The ______ maintains that needs related to future offending should receive high priority as we match offenders to programs.

risk principle

needs principle

responsivity principle

gender-responsive principle

Which of the following is not a component to managing severely antisocial offenders within correctional institutions?

diagnosis

solitary confinement

supervision

treatment

The American Correctional Association recommends supplementing needs assessments with

______.

presentence investigations

medical reports

psychological evaluations

all of the above

Skill Streaming is a component of a treatment package called ______.

Attribution Replacement Training

Aggression Replacement Training

Anger Replacement Training

Antisocial Replacement Training

Which of the following variables determines how much influence a model will have?

the functional value of the behaviors observed

b. the observer’s perceptual set toward the model

c. characteristics of the model, such as attractiveness d. all of the above

Which of the following is NOT a new direction in the evolution of correctional classification and assessment?

internal personality assessments

gender-responsive correctional classification and assessment

development of risk models for specific types of offenders

seamless classification systems

There are _________ major diagnostic classes in the DSM-5.

Which of the following is NOT an example of psychological classification?

Interpersonal Maturity Level (I-level)

Salient Factor Score

Adult Internal Management System (AIMS)

Megargee MMPI-based typology

Which of the following represents a major problem in the area of correction recreation?

an increase in physical conflicts among inmates

the inability of physically disabled offenders to participate

the perception that the recreation specialist is no more than an activity coordinator

the current debate about the effectiveness of recreation as treatment

Which of the following is a domain of the six-dimensional model of psychopathy?

attachment

cognitive

emotional

d. all of the above

Establishing a meaningful relationship with the offender ______.

is important to establishing interpersonal boundaries

is essential to successful counseling

prevents the counselor from confronting the offender with the irresponsible decisions that led to his or her incarceration

none of the above

According to the ______ approach, substance abuse may be an attempt to “medicate” feelings of emptiness, rage, or depression (Wurmser, 1984).

radical behavioral

social learning

cognitive-behavioral

psychodynamic

The primary focus of the institutional counselor known as the _________ is often to help inmates survive the stresses of prison life.

probation officer

parole officer

case manager

prison chaplain

Collateral information can be enlightening to a counselor because ______.

many offenders are masters of deceit

collateral information can help present a comprehensive impression of the offender

offenders tend to present themselves to their counselors in a favorable light

all of the above

Involving family members in the rehabilitation of offenders makes sense for which of the following reasons?

it curbs family violence

it assists an offender on his or her return to society

both a and b

none of the above

Andrews and Bonta noted a number of common criminogenic needs. Which of the following is NOT a criminogenic need?

antisocial associates

antisocial values and attitudes

antisocial personality characteristics

family history of antisocial behavior

Which of the following items is NOT examined when assessing a client’s sexual development?

toilet training experiences

adjustment to puberty

history of sexual victimization

attitudes toward sex

Which of the following is NOT an example of a family therapy model?

psychoanalytic family therapy

classical conditioned family therapy

structural family therapy

communications family therapy

Which of the following is NOT a component of The Containment Approach?

an underlying philosophy that places a priority to offender protection

reliance upon multiagency coordination and cooperation

an offender supervision model that emphasizes risk management individualized to the needs of each sex offender

a consistent set of multi-agency policies and protocols

Studies of the use of family therapy within the criminal justice system have noted that this treatment approach is used primarily with ______.

stalkers and perverts

military prisoners at Ft. Leavenworth

alcoholics and other drug abusers

child molesters and comatose inmates

What special needs do female offenders often present to counselors?

a. problems with their relationships with other offenders b. problems with their relationships with their children c. problems caused by physical abuse in their past

d. both b and c

Which of the following is a common pathway female offenders experience?

the low self-esteem pathway

the financial pathway

the relational pathway

the depression and anxiety pathway

Client responsivity characteristics important to substance abuse include ______.

motivation for change

comorbidity

ethnicity and gender

all of the above

Which characteristic is NOT descriptive of desirable curricula for female correctional populations?

gender-responsive

psychoanalytic

cognitive-behavioral

based on the principles of effective treatment intervention

All of the following are ways in which the modeling provided by others facilitates our own learning

EXCEPT:

demonstrating how to perform a new behavior

providing a social context for who to perform the behavior with

prompting or showing us how to use the behavior at the appropriate times

motivating us, or increasing our desire to use a new skill or behavior

In a therapeutic relationship, a correctional counselor exhibits ______.

congruence

sympathy

c. distant boundaries

d. authoritarian power

In Maletzky’s 1980 study using covert sensitization in the treatment of exhibitionists, _________

percent of the clients learned to eliminate all overt exhibitionist behaviors.

Which of the following approaches to offender treatment are recommended by the principles of effective interventions?

radical behavioral, cognitive-behavioral, and social learning

psychodynamic, operant conditioning, and family therapy

Guided Group Interaction, nondirective phenomenological, and restitution

self-help, object relations, and psychodrama

In recent years, ______ have been viewed as the “gold standard” for determining whether or not a program is effective in reducing offender recidivism.

systematic reviews

quantitative analyses

meta-analyses

case studies

All of the following are reasons why continuity of care is needed EXCEPT:

when the offender has a chronic problem

when the offender is not motivated to change

when the offender is being “handed off” to a different agency

when the offender begins a re-entry program

Which of the following are clear advantages of the use of group counseling?

Groups may be open or closed.

Groups are more economical and provide input to inmates.