Homework Lance
Cardiovascular disease case study
Student Name
Program Name or Degree Name (e.g., Master of Science in Nursing), Walden University
COURSE XX: Title of Course
Instructor Name
Month XX, 202X
Cardiovascular diseases
In this case study, the patient’s pathophysiological processes engaging the cardiovascular system accounts for the symptoms of the patient. For instance, the cognitive heart failure correlates to the peripheral oedema, peripheral tissue enlargement which accounts for some of the patient’s weight gain and obesity. Similarly, heart failure is a prerequisite of abdominal swelling and peripheral oedema. Cardiopulmonary and cardiovascular system require interaction for proper body functioning. Manifestation of oedema in the lungs and the reduced cognition of the patient’s heart causes fluids to fill up in the lungs. Additionally, the reduced efficacy of the heart causes the vessels to be filled with blood prompting fluid flow from the vessels to the lungs accounting for the shortness in breath (Grassi, Quarti-Trevano & Esler, 2021). Increased flow of fluids between the interstitial and the intravascular spaces causes heart failure.
Cardiac disorders are inherited from defective genes in preceding family members in a family lineage. Genetic variations predispose individuals to certain diseases such as heart failure. Congestive heart disease results from point mutations that occurs in the TNNI3, in MYH7, and in the desmin (DES) gene (Grassi, Quarti-Trevano & Esler, 2021). Dominant mutations in these genes reduces effectivity of the transcription and translation to sarcomeric and cytoskeletal proteins which faults the physiological processes resulting in the congestive heart disease. Expression of these defective genes present in form of the cardiovascular complications.
Immunosuppression entails blocking or hindering the immunocytes from fighting diseases. Immunosuppression process can be drug induced, for instance preparation for organ transplant surgery or bone marrow transplants, or induced by certain infections such as AIDS. Anticancer drugs also induce immunosuppression (Venet and Monneret, 2018). During immunosuppression, the lymphocytes are weakened and cannot protect the body from foreign infections. Immunosuppression lowers the body’s ability to fight foreign agents which is essential during transplant of foreign organs. It also causes manifestations such as chest infections, whole body sepsis and sore throat.
Grassi, G., Quarti-Trevano, F. & Esler, M.D. (2021). Sympathetic activation in congestive heart failure: an updated overview. Heart Fail Rev 26, 173–182 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10741-019-09901-2
Venet, F., and Monneret, G. (2018). Advances in the understanding and treatment of sepsis-induced immunosuppression. Nat Rev Nephrol 14, 121–137 https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneph.2017.165
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