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CNA Certified Nursing Assistant Exam Study Guide
The CNA (Certified Nursing Assistant) Exam is a certification test for individuals aiming to become certified nursing assistants. This exam tests both theoretical knowledge and practical skills required for working in healthcare facilities, such as nursing homes, hospitals, and long-term care centers. Passing the CNA exam is essential for those looking to pursue a career as a nursing assistant and provide direct care to patients under the supervision of registered nurses and other medical staff.
Here’s a breakdown of what you can expect with the CNA exam:
- Written/Knowledge Test
- Format: Usually a multiple-choice test covering key areas of knowledge.
- Content: Questions typically cover topics like basic nursing skills, patient care, safety, anatomy, medical terminology, infection control, and ethical standards.
- Preparation Tips:
- Review CNA study guides and practice questions.
- Take practice tests to familiarize yourself with the exam format.
- Focus on areas like patient rights, communication skills, and daily care procedures.
- Skills Test
- Format: Practical demonstration of hands-on skills.
- Skills Tested: Includes tasks such as hand hygiene, vital sign measurement, patient transfer, catheter care, dressing patients, feeding, and range-of-motion exercises.
- Preparation Tips:
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- Practice each skill in sequence to build confidence and accuracy.
- Focus on performing steps exactly as outlined in your CNA training, as the examiners often look for specific actions and protocols.
- Remain calm and communicate with the patient (or mannequin) as you would in a real-life scenario.
Common Topics Covered:
- Basic Nursing Skills: Assisting with ADLs (Activities of Daily Living), hygiene, bathing, dressing, and mobility.
- Infection Control: Proper handwashing techniques, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and contamination prevention.
- Patient Rights and Communication: Understanding HIPAA regulations, promoting dignity and respect, active listening, and effective communication with patients and families.
- Safety and Emergency Procedures: Fall prevention, handling emergencies, CPR basics, and proper lifting techniques.
CNA Exam Tips:
- Know the Skill Steps: Each skill has a step-by-step process that you need to follow closely. Even small deviations can result in point deductions.
- Time Management: Both the written and skills portions have time limits, so practice managing your time effectively.
- Stay Calm and Confident: Nerves can affect performance, especially in the skills test. Take deep breaths and stay focused.
Passing the CNA exam can be a stepping stone to further careers in healthcare, like becoming a registered nurse or another specialized medical professional.
Question and Answers for CNA Exam
What is one important reason why bed linens should remain wrinkle-free?
To help keep the skin healthy and prevent pressure ulcers
What is the term for a device that replaces a missing body part?
Prosthesis
Exercises that put each joint through its full arc of motion are called
Range of motion
Which of the following is the correct way to remove a gown?
Unfasten gown at neck and waist and roll the dirty side in while holding gown away from the body.
How many times can disposable gloves be worn before being discarded?
One time
To best communicate with a visually impaired resident, the NA should
Identify herself when she enters the room
The best way for an NA to provide foot care for a diabetic resident is to:
Observe the feet regularly for signs of sores or infection
If a resident starts to fall, the best thing an NA can do is to
Widen her stance and bring the resident’s body close to her
An NA should use friction for at least _____ seconds when washing her hands.
20
Which of the following is a term for a legal document that designates what kind of care a person wants if he is unable to make that decision himself?
Advance directive
Which temperature site is generally considered to be the most accurate?
Rectum (rectal)
Which of the following tasks is outside the scope of practice for an NA?
Prescribing a new medication
How should the NA respond if a resident tries to give him a gift?
The NA should refuse the gift but say thank you.
What does the term empathy mean?
Empathy means being able to identify with the feelings of others.
To monitor a resident’s pulse rate, the NA will most commonly check the ___ pulse.
Radial
Slapping, shoving, and rough handling are all considered to be a type of _________
Physical abuse
With which of the following people may an NA share a resident’s medical information?
Resident’s doctor
Which of the following sentences is an example of a fact?
Mr. Gomez ate half of his scrambled egg.
Which is/are the most essential nutrient(s) for life?
Water
Objective information is
Information collected using the senses
Which of the following statements is true of documentation?
NAs should document care right after it has been done.
Standard Precautions should be practiced
On every single person in the NA’s care
Which of the following statements is true of handwashing?
An NA should wash her hands before and after touching a resident.
Using proper body mechanics includes
Standing with the legs shoulder-width apart
What is one of the first signs that a pressure ulcer is forming?
Discoloration of the skin
Which of the following is an example of a physical need?
Food
Which of the following remarks is a cliché?
“It will all work out in the end.”
In which type of environment do microorganisms grow best?
Dark
An axillary temperature is measured
In the armpit
If a resident has just had a glass of iced tea, how long should the NA wait before measuring the resident’s temperature via the oral method?
10 to 20 minutes
Which of the following abbreviations means nothing by mouth?
NPO
Which of the following canes has four rubber-tipped feet?
Quad cane
In which of the following situations must a nursing assistant always wear gloves?
While shaving a resident
Which type of toileting equipment is used for elimination for residents who cannot assist with raising their hips onto a regular bedpan?
Fracture pan
Hypertension is the medical term for
High blood pressure
How often should an ostomy bag be emptied?
Whenever stool is eliminated
How should an NA work when helping a resident with range of motion exercises?
egin at the shoulders and work down the body
(n) _____ is the permanent and painful shortening of a muscle or tendon.
Contracture
Which of the following is used when documenting the amount of fluid a resident drinks?
Milliliters
How should a fracture pan be positioned?
With the handle toward the foot of the bed
In order to communicate with a resident who is hearing-impaired, the nursing assistant should
Face the resident directly when speaking
Which of the following is an example of physical abuse?
Pinching a resident
Joking with a resident’s roommate about the resident’s incontinence is what type of abuse?
Psychological abuse
Which of the following statements is true of mental illness?
Mental illness is a disorder that produces signs and symptoms like any physical disorder.
An appropriate resource for an NA to turn to if he is experiencing stress is
His supervisor
In order for an object to be called clean in a healthcare setting, it must be
Free of pathogens
Which of the following is an example of a whole grain food?
Whole wheat bread
The serious condition that occurs when a person does not have enough fluid in the body is called
Dehydration
Which of the following is an example of a plant-based protein?
Refried beans
According to the USDA’s MyPlate, most fruit choices should be
Whole fruit
Which of the following statements is true of helping to prevent aspiration during eating?
The NA should place food in the stronger side of the mouth.
Which of the following is true of Transmission-Based Precautions?
They are practiced in addition to Standard Precautions.
An example of a physical restraint is
Raised side rails on a bed
What does the abbreviation ADLs stand for?
Activities of daily living
Which kind of care helps residents restore or improve function after an illness or injury?
Rehabilitation
The medical term for chest pain, pressure, or discomfort is
Angina pectoris
An example of ethical behavior by an NA is
Protecting a resident’s privacy
Which of the following shows the correct conversion of 4:00 p.m. to military time?
1600 hours
Barriers to communication include which of the following?
NA uses medical terminology with the resident.
Which of the following is an example of nonverbal communication?
A resident points to a glass.
Which of the following occurrences is considered an incident and requires a report to be completed?
A resident falls.
An employer must offer an NA a free vaccine for _____.
Hepatitis B
Draw sheets are used to
Reposition residents without causing shearing
When assisting a resident with a standard bedpan, where should the wider end of the bedpan be placed?
Response: In alignment with the resident’s buttocks
Blood pressure is measured using a
Response: Sphygmomanometer
One safety device that helps transfer residents is called a
Response: Transfer belt
How many ounces of water or other fluids should residents be encouraged to drink each day?
Response: 64 ounces
The medical term for skin that is blue or gray is
Response: Cyanotic
Which of the following shows the correct conversion of midnight (12:00 a.m.) to military time?
Response: 2400 hours
The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA) requires that nursing assistants complete at least ___ hours of training before being able to work as nursing assistants.
Response: 100
How many ounces are equal to 90 milliliters?
Response: 3 ounces
Regular inspections performed in facilities to make sure they are following state and federal regulations are called
Response: Surveys
Which of the following is the best way for a nursing assistant to keep residents’ health information confidential?
Response: Store, file, or shred documents according to facility policy
What are typical duties of an ombudsman?
Response: An ombudsman advocates for residents and helps settle disputes.
Which of the following topics is required by OBRA to be covered during nursing assistant (NA) training?
Response: Promoting residents’ independence
Which of the following behaviors promotes Residents’ Rights?
Response: Encouraging a resident to participate in care planning
Which of the following terms means harming a person physically, mentally, or emotionally by failing to provide needed care?
Response: Neglect
Which of the following terms means to steal, take advantage of, or improperly use the money, property, or other assets of another person?
Response: Financial abuse
OBRA was passed as a response to
Response: Reports of poor care and abuse in long-term care facilities
Tuberculosis is
Response: An airborne disease
Which of the following statements is true of diabetes?
Response: People with diabetes must follow their diet instructions carefully.
The most common form of diabetes is
Response: Type 2 diabetes
HIV can be transmitted by
Response: Blood
The key treatment for malignant tumors of the skin, breast, bladder, colon, rectum, stomach, and muscle is
Response: Surgery
Baseline vital signs are
Response: Initial values that can be compared to future measurements
Which of the following is the best way an NA can communicate with a resident who has cancer?
Response: The NA should listen to the resident if he feels like talking.
Which of the following is an example of physically restraining a resident?
Response: Putting both side rails up on the bed
A resident with AIDS who has an infection of the mouth may need to eat food that is
Response: Soft
To convert four ounces to milliliters, the NA should multiply four by
30
Which of the following shows the correct conversion of 1900 hours to standard time?
Response: 7:00 p.m.
Where is long-term care offered?
Response: In skilled nursing facilities
Which of the following statements is true of urinary incontinence?
Response: Certain nervous system diseases can cause urinary incontinence.
After an amputation, a resident may experience phantom sensation. Phantom sensation is
Response: The feeling that the amputated body part is still there
When should bed sheets be changed?
Response: When they are soiled or damp
Which of the following is a type of advance directive?
Response: Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care
_____ is taking in and eliminating equal amounts of fluid.
Response: Fluid balance
What member of the care team might help a resident learn to use adaptive devices for eating or dressing?
Response: Occupational therapist
When encountering a fire, an NA should first
Response: Remove residents from danger
Nursing assistants are not allowed to
Response: Change sterile dressings
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