Care of Communities and Target Populations Study Guide

Care of Communities and Target Populations Study Guide

 

 

1) A student asks an instructor to explain population health management. What should the instructor respond to the student’s question?

1. Focuses on health promotion.
2. Is designed to improve overall population health status.
3. Is designed to identify particular health risk groups.
4. Identifies illness prevention strategies.

Answer:  2

Explanation:  2. Population health management involves health promotion and illness prevention strategies at the aggregate level designed to improve overall population health status. Population health focuses on more than health management. It identifies more than health risk groups. It also does more than identify illness prevention strategies.

Nursing/Int.Conc:  Nursing Process: Implementation

Client Need:  Health Promotion and Maintenance

Cognitive Level:  Application

Learning Outcome:  15-1

 

2) During a discussion about factors affecting the health of population groups the nurse discusses the shorter life spans of Native Americans as compared to the rest of the population. Which determinant is the nurse explaining?

1. Sociocultural determinant.
2. Behavioral determinant.
3. Biological determinant.
4. Health system determinant.

Answer:  3

Explanation:  3. Human biological determinants influencing a population’s health reflect specific physical attributes of its members. Native Americans have shorter expected life spans than the rest of the populations because of the higher incidence of some chronic diseases, alcoholism, and homicide. Considerations in assessing the sociocultural determinants include information about community government and leadership, language, income and education levels, employment levels and occupations, marital status and family composition, and religion. Behavioral determinants include consumption patterns, leisure pursuits, and other health-related behaviors. Health system determinants include existing services, level of performance of the services, and areas in which services are lacking.

Nursing/Int.Conc:  Nursing Process: Implementation

Client Need:  Health Promotion and Maintenance

Cognitive Level:  Analysis

Learning Outcome:  15-2

 

3) Twelve new cases of the measles have been diagnosed last week in a particular county. In that same county, 20 children are currently under treatment for the measles. What should the population nurse identify as being the incidence rate of the measles infection?

1. 8.
2. 12.
3. 20.
4. Unknown.

Answer:  2

Explanation:  2. Incidence rates indicate the number of new cases of the condition identified over a period. Prevalence rates indicate the total number of cases of a particular condition at any given time.

Nursing/Int.Conc:  Nursing Process: Evaluation

Client Need:  Health Promotion and Maintenance

Cognitive Level:  Analysis

Learning Outcome:  15-2

 

4) After studying the community, the nurse reports widespread unemployment, lack of housing, and crowded living conditions as being major factors influencing community health. These factors are related to which determinant of health?

1. Environmental determinant.
2. Biological determinant.
3. Psychological determinant.
4. Behavioral determinant.

Answer:  3

Explanation:  3. The psychological environment influences the health of the population by increasing or mediating exposure to stress and affects the ability of the population to function effectively. Widespread unemployment, lack of housing, and crowded living conditions are sources of stress and will create a psychological environment that is not conducive to health. Physical environmental factors affecting a population include its location, its type and size, topographical features, and climate. Human biological determinants reflect specific physical attributes of its members. Behavioral factors influence the health status of a population and its members. Areas to be considered in this dimension include consumption patterns, leisure pursuits, and other health-related behaviors.

Nursing/Int.Conc:  Nursing Process: Assessment

Client Need:  Health Promotion and Maintenance

Cognitive Level:  Analysis

Learning Outcome:  15-2

 

5) The nurse is reviewing factors that affect the health of a population. Which factors should the nurse identify as being sociocultural determinants? (Select all that apply.)

1. Language.
2. Annual birth rate.
3. Family composition.
4. Population density.
5. Transportation accessibility.

Answer:  1, 3, 5

Explanation:  1. Considerations in assessing the sociocultural dimension include information about community government and leadership, language, income and education levels, employment levels and occupations, marital status and family composition, and religion. Transportation is included as a sociocultural dimension. Population density relates to physical environmental determinants. Annual birth rate relates to biological determinants.

3. Considerations in assessing the sociocultural dimension include information about community government and leadership, language, income and education levels, employment levels and occupations, marital status and family composition, and religion. Transportation is included as a sociocultural dimension. Population density relates to physical environmental determinants. Annual birth rate relates to biological determinants.
4. Considerations in assessing the sociocultural dimension include information about community government and leadership, language, income and education levels, employment levels and occupations, marital status and family composition, and religion. Transportation is included as a sociocultural dimension. Population density relates to physical environmental determinants. Annual birth rate relates to biological determinants.

Nursing/Int.Conc:  Nursing Process: Assessment

Client Need:  Health Promotion and Maintenance

Cognitive Level:  Analysis

Learning Outcome:  15-2

 

 

6) The nurse is identifying a nursing diagnosis applicable to a specific population. What should the nurse include when making this diagnosis determination? (Select all that apply.)

1. Population at risk.
2. Potential adverse risk.
3. Factors contributing to the risk.
4. Evidence to support the risk.
5. Population competencies.

Answer:  1, 2, 3, 4

Explanation:  1. Population nursing diagnoses provide a comprehensive picture of the population’s health. Diagnoses may be either positive or negative. Positive diagnoses reflect population strengths and may also indicate improvements in the population’s health status. Components of a population nursing diagnosis include (a) identification of the population or subgroup at risk, (b) a potential adverse situation or risk, (c) factors or characteristics contributing to the level of risk, and (d) evidence to support the increased or decreased level of risk. Population competencies is not a part of the population nursing diagnosis.

2. Population nursing diagnoses provide a comprehensive picture of the population’s health. Diagnoses may be either positive or negative. Positive diagnoses reflect population strengths and may also indicate improvements in the population’s health status. Components of a population nursing diagnosis include (a) identification of the population or subgroup at risk, (b) a potential adverse situation or risk, (c) factors or characteristics contributing to the level of risk, and (d) evidence to support the increased or decreased level of risk. Population competencies is not a part of the population nursing diagnosis.
3. Population nursing diagnoses provide a comprehensive picture of the population’s health. Diagnoses may be either positive or negative. Positive diagnoses reflect population strengths and may also indicate improvements in the population’s health status. Components of a population nursing diagnosis include (a) identification of the population or subgroup at risk, (b) a potential adverse situation or risk, (c) factors or characteristics contributing to the level of risk, and (d) evidence to support the increased or decreased level of risk. Population competencies is not a part of the population nursing diagnosis.
4. Population nursing diagnoses provide a comprehensive picture of the population’s health. Diagnoses may be either positive or negative. Positive diagnoses reflect population strengths and may also indicate improvements in the population’s health status. Components of a population nursing diagnosis include (a) identification of the population or subgroup at risk, (b) a potential adverse situation or risk, (c) factors or characteristics contributing to the level of risk, and (d) evidence to support the increased or decreased level of risk. Population competencies is not a part of the population nursing diagnosis.

Nursing/Int.Conc:  Nursing Process: Planning

Client Need:  Health Promotion and Maintenance

Cognitive Level:  Application

Learning Outcome:  15-3

 

 

7) The nurse is planning a health program for a community. The first task the nurse should consider when planning this program is:

1. Analyze the issue.
2. Create the planning group.
3. Define and prioritize the issue.
4. Set the stage for evaluation.

Answer:  3

Explanation:  3. The first step in the program planning process is defining and prioritizing the issue to be addressed. Then the planning group is created, the issue is analyzed, the program is developed, and the stage is set for the evaluation.

Nursing/Int.Conc:  Nursing Process: Planning

Client Need:  Health Promotion and Maintenance

Cognitive Level:  Application

Learning Outcome:  15-4

8) The nurse identified the members of the planning group for the community health program. The next step the nurse should take is to:

1. Prioritize the issues.
2. Analyze the issue.
3. Develop the program.
4. Start the evaluation.

Answer:  2

Explanation:  2. After the planning group is identified, the issue is analyzed. Then the program is developed and the stage is set for the evaluation. Prioritization occurs when the health issues are defined.

Nursing/Int.Conc:  Nursing Process: Implementation

Client Need:  Health Promotion and Maintenance

Cognitive Level:  Application

Learning Outcome:  15-4

 

 

9) The nurse is creating program objectives to address a population’s health problem. Which program objective should the nurse provide the planning committee?

1. 75% of program participants will lose weight.
2. 32% of program participants will demonstrate how to administer insulin by the end of the third week.
3. 100% of program participants will understand the new food pyramid by the end of the second week.
4. 50% of program participants will quit smoking.

Answer:  2

Explanation:  2. Effective program objectives must be measurable, precise, time-specific, reasonable, within group capability, legal, congruent with community morals and values, carry minimal side effects, and fit budget limitations. The objective which states 75% of program participants will lose weight is not precise and is not time-specific. The objectives which states 100% of program participants will understand the new food pyramid by the end of the second week is not measurable; it does not state how one would measure the understanding. The objective which states 50% of program participants will quit smoking is not time-specific.

Nursing/Int.Conc:  Nursing Process: Implementation

Client Need:  Health Promotion and Maintenance

Cognitive Level:  Application

Learning Outcome:  15-4

10) The nurse is working in a weight control program and realizes that most of the participants want to lose weight, but they are unable to because of the difficulties involved in stopping an addictive behavior. This best demonstrates the theory of:

1. Processing.
2. Delineation.
3. Implementation.
4. Cause and effect.

Answer:  4

Explanation:  4. The theory of cause and effect suggests that although many participants wish to lose weight, they are unable to do so because of the difficulties involved in stopping an addictive behavior. Implementing a health program involves several considerations. These include getting the plan accepted, performing the tasks involved in implementing the program, and using strategies that foster implementation of the program as planned. Processing and delineation are not program theories.

Nursing/Int.Conc:  Nursing Process: Assessment

Client Need:  Health Promotion and Maintenance

Cognitive Level:  Analysis

Learning Outcome:  15-5

 

 

11) The nurse is planning to conduct an evaluation of a population program. Which question should the nurse use to address analysis and use of evaluative data?

1. What will be evaluated?
2. What standards will be used to judge the program’s performance?
3. What conclusions can be drawn from comparing program data with the standards selected?
4. What evidence will be used to compare program performance with the standards selected?

Answer:  3

Explanation:  3. The question that asks what conclusions can be drawn from comparing program data with the standards selected addresses analysis and use of evaluative data. The other questions guide the development of the evaluation plan.

Nursing/Int.Conc:  Nursing Process: Implementation

Client Need:  Health Promotion and Maintenance

Cognitive Level:  Analysis

Learning Outcome:  15-5

12) The nurse is supporting population members to use an empowerment evaluation when determining the success of a health program. What purpose will this type of evaluation serve to population members?

1. Improves their quality of life.
2. Delays decisions about a program.
3. Calls for a discontinuation of a program.
4. Increases the resources in a program.

Answer:  1

Explanation:  1. Empowerment evaluation assists populations to develop the skills to assess and improve their own quality of life. Delaying decisions about a program, calling for a discontinuation of a program, and increasing the resources in a program contribute to the data included in an empowerment evaluation.

Nursing/Int.Conc:  Nursing Process: Planning

Client Need:  Health Promotion and Maintenance

Cognitive Level:  Analysis

Learning Outcome:  15-5

 

 

13) A population health nurse is asked to assist in an evaluation of an existing program for which evaluative mechanisms were not established during the program planning. Which type of evaluation should the nurse use for this program?

1. Prospective evaluation.
2. Outcome evaluation.
3. Retrospective evaluation.
4. Process evaluation.

Answer:  3

Explanation:  3. Retrospective evaluation is designed after the program is completed, or at least in the process of being implemented. Prospective evaluation is planned and criteria are determined prior to program implementation. Process evaluation is one concerned with the quality of interactions between program staff and recipients. Outcome evaluation focuses on the consequences of the program for the health and welfare of the population.

Nursing/Int.Conc:  Nursing Process: Implementation

Client Need:  Health Promotion and Maintenance

Cognitive Level:  Application

Learning Outcome:  15-5

14) The nurse is planning a program to encourage exercise among high school students. Teachers and parents will be involved in implementing the program. Which activity best describes the third level of acceptance of this health care program?

1. Marketing the program to the high school students.
2. Convincing the principal of the benefits of the program.
3. Meeting with the teachers to explain the program.
4. Encouraging parents to promote the program.

Answer:  1

Explanation:  1. Marketing the program to the high school students is the third level of acceptance because at this level, the program is accepted and used by members of the target group. Convincing the principal of the benefits of the program would be an example of the first level of acceptance. Meeting with the teachers and encouraging parents to promote the program would be the second level of acceptance, which involves convincing those who are to carry out the plan to implement it as designed.

Nursing/Int.Conc:  Nursing Process: Planning

Client Need:  Health Promotion and Maintenance

Cognitive Level:  Analysis

Learning Outcome:  15-6

 

 

15) The nurse is reviewing the considerations needed when designing a program evaluation. What should the nurse keep in mind as the consideration that influences all other aspects of the evaluation process?

1. Who should conduct the evaluation.
2. The type of evaluation to be conducted.
3. The design to be utilized.
4. The purpose of the evaluation.

Answer:  4

Explanation:  4. Who should conduct the evaluation, the type of evaluation, and the design of the evaluation are all considerations to be made in designing a program evaluation; however, the purpose of the evaluation is the only consideration that influences all other aspects of the process.

Nursing/Int.Conc:  Nursing Process: Planning

Client Need:  Health Promotion and Maintenance

Cognitive Level:  Analysis

Learning Outcome:  15-7