Anesthetic and Narcotic Drugs Practice Exam

Anesthetic and Narcotic Drugs Practice Exam

What is the primary mechanism of action of local anesthetics?
Answer: They block sodium channels in nerve membranes.
Which local anesthetic is most commonly used for dental procedures?
Answer:
What is the duration of action for bupivacaine?
Answer: 6–8 hours.
What is a common side effect of general anesthesia?
Answer: Nausea and vomiting.
Which inhalational anesthetic is known for its rapid onset and recovery?
Answer:
What is the main advantage of propofol as an intravenous anesthetic?
Answer: Rapid induction and quick recovery.
What color is the oxygen tank used in operating rooms?
Answer:
What is the mechanism of action of ketamine as an anesthetic?
Answer: NMDA receptor antagonist.
Which inhaled anesthetic has the lowest blood-gas partition coefficient?
Answer:

What is the antidote for local anesthetic toxicity?
Answer: Lipid emulsion therapy.
What is the primary use of midazolam in anesthesia?
Answer: As a premedication for sedation and anxiolysis.
What is a side effect of using succinylcholine as a muscle relaxant?
Answer:
Which anesthetic gas is associated with an increased risk of malignant hyperthermia?
Answer:
What medication is used to treat malignant hyperthermia?
Answer:
What is the role of epinephrine in local anesthetic solutions?
Answer: To prolong the duration of the anesthetic by causing vasoconstriction.
Which medication is commonly used for epidural anesthesia during labor?
Answer:
What is the primary effect of nitrous oxide in anesthesia?
Answer:
Which nerve fiber type is blocked first by local anesthetics?
Answer: Small-diameter, unmyelinated fibers (e.g., pain fibers).
What is the mechanism of action of benzodiazepines used in anesthesia?
Answer: They enhance the effect of GABA at the GABA-A receptor.
Which opioid is commonly used during surgery for its rapid onset and short duration?
Answer:

Narcotic Drugs and Pain Management

What is the primary receptor targeted by opioids?
Answer: The mu-opioid receptor.
Which opioid is used as the gold standard for severe pain management?
Answer:
Which medication is used to reverse opioid overdose?
Answer:
What is a common side effect of long-term opioid use?
Answer:
Which synthetic opioid is 100 times more potent than morphine?
Answer:
Which opioid is commonly used in palliative care for breakthrough cancer pain?
Answer:
Which medication is a partial opioid agonist?
Answer:
What is the mechanism of action of tramadol?
Answer: It acts on opioid receptors and inhibits the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine.
What is the risk associated with combining opioids and benzodiazepines?
Answer: Respiratory depression.
What is the half-life of naloxone?
Answer: Approximately 1–1.5 hours.

Anesthesia Techniques and Monitoring

What is the purpose of bispectral index (BIS) monitoring during anesthesia?
Answer: To assess the depth of anesthesia.
Which inhalational anesthetic is most associated with postoperative cognitive dysfunction?
Answer:
What is the role of dexmedetomidine in anesthesia?
Answer: It is used for sedation and has analgesic-sparing properties.
Which intravenous anesthetic is contraindicated in patients with porphyria?
Answer:
What is the main side effect of etomidate?
Answer: Adrenal suppression.
What is the clinical use of remifentanil?
Answer: For short-term analgesia during procedures due to its ultra-short half-life.
What is a common side effect of nitrous oxide in prolonged surgeries?
Answer: Vitamin B12 deficiency.
Which monitoring parameter is most critical during general anesthesia?
Answer: Oxygen saturation.
What is the primary use of neuromuscular blocking agents in anesthesia?
Answer: To induce muscle relaxation for intubation and surgery.
Which reversal agent is used for non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers like rocuronium?
Answer:
What is the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC)?
Answer: The concentration of an inhaled anesthetic required to prevent movement in 50% of patients exposed to a surgical stimulus.
What is the primary advantage of using sevoflurane over isoflurane?
Answer: Faster induction and recovery due to lower solubility in blood.
Which preoperative medication is commonly used to reduce secretions?
Answer:
What is the preferred induction agent for hemodynamically unstable patients?
Answer:
Which condition is a contraindication for the use of nitrous oxide?
Answer:
What is the effect of atropine when used in anesthesia?
Answer: It reduces bradycardia and decreases secretions.
What is the primary use of clonidine in anesthesia?
Answer: To provide sedation and reduce sympathetic outflow.
What is the primary side effect of spinal anesthesia?
Answer:
What is the difference between spinal and epidural anesthesia?
Answer: Spinal anesthesia involves injection into the cerebrospinal fluid, while epidural is injected into the epidural space.
What is the risk of using benzodiazepines for prolonged sedation in critically ill patients?
Answer: Delirium and prolonged mechanical ventilation.

Advanced Topics in Anesthetics and Narcotics

Which opioid is used for chronic pain and has a transdermal patch form?
Answer:
What is a major complication of high-dose opioid administration?
Answer: Respiratory depression.
Which narcotic drug is commonly used in balanced anesthesia techniques?
Answer:
What is the main advantage of using ropivacaine over bupivacaine?
Answer: Lower cardiotoxicity.
Which drug is used to reverse the effects of benzodiazepines?
Answer:
What is the role of lidocaine in intravenous regional anesthesia (IVRA)?
Answer: To provide localized numbness for surgical procedures on extremities.
Which opioid has antitussive properties and is used for cough suppression?
Answer:
What is the main side effect of opioid use in patients with gallbladder disease?
Answer: Biliary colic.
Which drug is preferred for postoperative shivering?
Answer:
What is the most common complication of epidural anesthesia?
Answer:
What is the mechanism of action of nalbuphine?
Answer: It is a mixed opioid agonist-antagonist.
Which medication is used as a preanesthetic to reduce anxiety?
Answer:
What is the purpose of atropine in pediatric anesthesia?
Answer: To prevent bradycardia caused by vagal stimulation.
What is the main concern with prolonged use of inhaled anesthetics?
Answer: Hepatotoxicity (e.g., halothane hepatitis).
What is the primary cause of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV)?
Answer: Activation of the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ).
Which antiemetic is most commonly used to prevent PONV?
Answer:
Which condition can result from rapid administration of intravenous propofol?
Answer:
What is a rare but serious complication of neuraxial anesthesia?
Answer: Epidural hematoma.
Which opioid receptor is primarily responsible for euphoria?
Answer: Mu-opioid receptor.
What is the ceiling effect in opioid pharmacology?
Answer: The dose beyond which no additional analgesic effect is achieved, commonly seen with partial agonists.