Homework Lance
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Natural theology bases its conclusions on
a.
revealed theology in conjunction with science.
b.
only verified sources of sacred literature.
c.
Western, but not Eastern, conceptions of religion.
d.
what reason can determine to be true.
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 591
2. One of the issues that are of interest to the philosophy of religion is
a.
whether one religion is the true religion.
b.
whether feminists are correct to question societies that are patriarchal.
c.
how to convince people in a scientific age to be concerned with their salvation.
d.
whether revealed theology really exists.
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 591
3. When we ask the question, “Does God exist?”
a.
we are betraying our atheism.
b.
we must always avoid including our thoughts about “What is God like?” in our deliberations.
c.
we must usually also deal with the question of “What is God like?”
d.
we are practicing revealed theology.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 591
4. What is the missing premise in Anselm’s argument that begins, “Therefore, if that, than which nothing greater can be conceived, exists in the understanding alone, the very being, than which nothing greater can be conceived, is one, than which a greater can be conceived,” and concludes “There is no doubt that there exists a being, than which nothing greater can be conceived, and it exists both in the understanding and in reality”?
a.
It is possible that humans have only imagined God’s existence.
b.
That which exists in reality is greater than that which only exists in understanding.
c.
God cannot be understood by human understanding.
d.
God created the idea of God in the human mind.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 593
5. For Anselm, the understanding of God proves God’s existence because
a.
God implanted the idea of God in the human mind.
b.
even the fool knows that God exists.
c.
that than which nothing greater can be conceived must actually exist.
d.
anyone can understand how God created the world.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 593
6. Gaunilo’s example of a perfect island is a criticism of Anselm because
a.
Anselm had never seen such an island.
b.
it demonstrates that Anselm believes that God is an island.
c.
Gaunilo demonstrated that only God could make a perfect island.
d.
positing an island whose excellence surpasses all other lands does not prove that such an island actually exists.
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 594
7. The efficient cause of a house is
a.
the same as its final cause.
b.
the material out of which it is made.
c.
its formal cause.
d.
the agent who built it and the labor and tools used in its building.
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 595
8. According to Aquinas, if a being is contingent, then
a.
there was a time that it did not exist.
b.
it is not possible for it not to be.
c.
only God could create it or destroy it.
d.
it carries the reason for its existence in its own nature.
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 595
9. Which of the following is an example of what Aquinas means by moving from potentiality to actuality?
a.
a student studying to develop her abilities
b.
an old, abandoned house gradually falling apart
c.
the creative act of an unmoved mover
d.
both a student studying to develop her abilities and an old, abandoned house gradually falling apart
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 595
10. According to St. Thomas, a series of efficient causes cannot stretch to infinity because
a.
if there is no first among efficient causes, neither will there be a last or an intermediate.
b.
there exists a regular order of efficient causes.
c.
something must exist contingently.
d.
God revealed this truth in the scriptures.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 595
11. According to Aquinas, it is impossible for all things that exist to be capable of not existing because
a.
something can come from nothing.
b.
if all things are capable of not existing, then there must have been a time when the universe did not exist, since anything which is “capable of not existing, at some time or other does not exist.”
c.
all things exist contingently.
d.
the universe is eternal.
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 595
12. Aquinas argues that things achieve their ends designedly rather than fortuitously because
a.
he believes in the native intelligence of all living creatures.
b.
he sees that things act in such a way that these ends are repeatedly and regularly achieved.
c.
he can’t imagine things “just happening” to achieve their ends.
d.
he knows that there is a First Uncaused Cause.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 596
13. When we say that God is omnipotent, that means
a.
God is all-good.
b.
God is creative.
c.
God is all-powerful.
d.
God is all-knowing.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 596
14. When we say that God is omniscient, that means
a.
God is all-powerful.
b.
God is all-knowing.
c.
God is all-good.
d.
God is creative.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 596
15. The logical incompatibility of the existence of evil with the existence of a perfectly good, all-knowing, and all-powerful creator is
a.
proof that evil does not really exist.
b.
a heresy.
c.
the problem of evil.
d.
proof the God does not exist.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 596
16. Which of the following propositions is necessary to show that the existence of evil with the existence of a perfectly good, all-knowing, and all-powerful creator is a contradiction?
a.
Good is opposed to evil, in such a way that a good thing always eliminates evil.
b.
An omnipotent being likes evil to exist in the world.
c.
A wholly good God cannot know that evil exists in the world.
d.
The existence of evil is merely the appearance of evil, not actual evil.
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 597-598
17. Mackie’s response to the claim that good cannot exist without evil is
a.
this kind of God has a sick sense of humor.
b.
it misunderstands the definition of evil.
c.
this response is correct.
d.
this response limits God’s power.
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 599
18. Mackie’s response to those who claim that the universe is better with some evil than with no evil is
a.
that humans have free will.
b.
God cannot possibly exist if this is the case.
c.
all pain leads to happiness.
d.
that God is not all-good in this explanation.
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 600
19. What happens to Job and his wife’s children?
a.
They are killed in a war.
b.
They are crushed by a house.
c.
They are protected by God.
d.
They die from a plague.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 604
20. What is NOT one of the reasons why Job’s wife speaks in the poem, Job’s Wife?
a.
see
b.
honor
c.
anger
d.
solace
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 604
21. Because misogynist ideas occur in religious scriptures, some believe that the subordination of women is
a.
beyond question.
b.
proof of the existence of God.
c.
proof that God does not exist.
d.
the reason why God is masculine.
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 605
22. During the classical period, women’s subordination was enshrined by
a.
men going to war and women giving birth.
b.
men as politicians and women caring for the home.
c.
equating soul-body dualism with male-female dualism.
d.
laws promoting women’s uncleanliness during menstruation and childbirth.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 608
23. Which of these is the “ultimate core” of misogynism, according to Ruether?
a.
Women are helpmates of men who alone fully possess the image of God.
b.
Women have no spirit and men have no connection to their bodies.
c.
Women all want to have children and men want to participate in public life.
d.
Women cannot go to war because of menstruation and pregnancy.
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 608
24. Augustine’s view of women is that
a.
women have their own distinct nature independent of men.
b.
women, as body, are naturally inferior to men.
c.
women are sinful creatures who are entirely to blame for the fall.
d.
women, as spirit, are naturally superior to men.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 609
25. The Church Fathers’ “three basic images” of women are
a.
woman as saint, woman as wife, and woman as virgin.
b.
woman as whore, woman as temptress, and woman as virgin.
c.
woman as whore, woman as wife, and woman as virgin.
d.
woman as whore, woman as wife, and woman as goddess.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 612
26. Dualism is related to the image of woman as wife held by the Church Fathers because
a.
she is joined to her husband and they become one.
b.
she is the submissive body who is obedient to her husband, who is intellectual.
c.
her husband must guard against temptation by his wife.
d.
her husband must pay a dowry for his wife.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 612
27. According to Ruether, the early women’s liberation movement came from
a.
the female ascetic movement.
b.
the ascetic movement.
c.
priests who believed that women were their equals.
d.
female philosophers who wrote about women’s equality.
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 614
28. “The female ascetic movement” brought about
a.
equality between men and women in Christianity.
b.
recognition by men of women’s contribution to the history of Christianity.
c.
a spiritual femininity.
d.
increased recognition of the ways in which Christianity derives from Judaism.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 614
29. According to the Dalai Lama, what is the defining feature of a religious act?
a.
any deed done with good motivation
b.
any deed done by a Buddhist
c.
prayer regardless of motivation
d.
none of these choices
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 617
30. According to the Dalai Lama, religious conflict often arises from
a.
the existence of religious diversity.
b.
Buddhism.
c.
Christianity.
d.
too little tolerance of religious differences.
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 617
31. According to the Dalai Lama,
a.
only religious people can be moral.
b.
religion tends to be a very effective way for people to acquire love and compassion for humanity.
c.
Christians are completely wrong about everything.
d.
religious tolerance is a pipedream.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 617
32. For the Dalai Lama, religion can play a leading role in
a.
guaranteeing personal salvation.
b.
resolving the problem of evil.
c.
making people wealthier.
d.
helping us develop a sense of responsibility towards others.
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 618
33. Which of the following does the Dalai Lama place a heavy emphasis on to promote religious tolerance?
a.
having a completely secular society
b.
meetings between political leaders
c.
people converting to the same religion
d.
interfaith dialogue
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 618
34. The Dali Lama compares an individual’s commitment to a particular religion to
a.
an individual patient’s need for a particular medicine.
b.
ordering a favorite dish off a menu.
c.
picking a career and sticking with it.
d.
a ship seeking refuge during a storm.
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 620
35. The Dalai Lama claims that
a.
everyone should convert to Buddhism.
b.
the metaphysics of religion is extremely important.
c.
religious conversion should never be allowed.
d.
the whole purpose of religion is to facilitate love and compassion.
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 621
36. Prothero believes that all religions share what in common?
a.
law
b.
ethics
c.
doctrine
d.
ritual
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 624
37. In answer to the question, Is religion toxic or tonic?, Prothero answers:
a.
tonic because it inspired Gandhi’s nonviolent resistance
b.
toxic because it spurred a Hindu extremist to kill Gandhi
c.
toxic and tonic because it inspired the racist hatred of the Ku Klux Klan, and it put an end to discriminatory Jim Crow legislation.
d.
neither toxic nor tonic because human beings are primarily motivated by power
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 627-628
38. Which of the following is NOT part of Prothero’s “four step approach” to understanding the world’s religions?
a.
notion of God
b.
technique
c.
problem
d.
solution
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 629
TRUE/FALSE
1. Philosophy of religion is the same as revealed theology.
a. True
b. False
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: p. 590
2. Philosophy of religion assumes the truth of some special divine revelation.
a. True
b. False
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: p. 590
3. Cosmological arguments for God’s existence argue from the existence of the universe to God as the cause of that existence.
a. True
b. False
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 592
4. Gaunilo believes that Anselm’s proof for the existence of God demonstrates God’s existence.
a. True
b. False
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: p. 594
5. To exist necessarily is to be capable of coming into existence and going out of existence.
a. True
b. False
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: p. 595
6. Mackie believes that good cannot exist without evil.
a. True
b. False
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: p. 599
7. “Evil is due to human free will,” to which Mackie responds that this notion of human freedom violates the notion that God is omnipotent.
a. True
b. False
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 600
8. The point of the Book of Job is to explain why suffering happens.
a. True
b. False
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: p. 603
9. Job’s wife is grateful that her children are restored through the new children that God gives her and Job.
a. True
b. False
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: p. 604
10. In early tribal societies, women held more power than men.
a. True
b. False
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: p. 607
11. The increased respect for spiritual womanhood increased the subordination of actual women.
a. True
b. False
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 615
12. The Dalai Lama is deeply opposed to any separation of church and state.
a. True
b. False
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: p. 618
13. The core values of any religion are love, compassion and ethical discipline.
a. True
b. False
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 618
14. The Dalai Lama advocates the creation of a super religion to solve the problem of religious intolerance.
a. True
b. False
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: p. 620
15. Prothero believes that all religions are essentially the same.
a. True
b. False
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: p. 624
16. According to Prothero, we should understand religious difference, so that we know where religious rivals clash and where they can cooperate.
a. True
b. False
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 625
17. According to Prothero, what all religions share in common is the starting point: something is wrong.
a. True
b. False
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 629
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