Care of Child and Adolescent Populations Study Guide

Care of Child and Adolescent Populations Study Guide

 

 

1) While attempting to resolve an adolescent’s current health problems the population nurse decides to screen for problems that could affect functioning in school. Which screenings should the nurse implement with this adolescent? (Select all that apply.)

1. Vision.
2. Hearing.
3. Substance use.
4. Driving safety.
5. Safety in sports.

Answer:  1, 2, 3

Explanation:  1. Issues that could impact the adolescent’s ability to function in school would focus on vision, hearing, and substance use. Driving and sports safety would be topics of education to prevent injury in the adolescent.

2. Issues that could impact the adolescent’s ability to function in school would focus on vision, hearing, and substance use. Driving and sports safety would be topics of education to prevent injury in the adolescent.
3. Issues that could impact the adolescent’s ability to function in school would focus on vision, hearing, and substance use. Driving and sports safety would be topics of education to prevent injury in the adolescent.

Nursing/Int.Conc:  Nursing Process: Implementation

Client Need:  Health Promotion and Maintenance

Cognitive Level:  Application

Learning Outcome:  16-3

 

2) The nurse is teaching a class to recent nursing graduates who have decided to work in the area of pediatrics. The nurse explains that the most common cause of delayed motor development in this population is:

1. Lead poisoning.
2. Physical abuse.
3. Cerebral palsy.
4. Alcohol use during the third trimester.

Answer:  3

Explanation:  3. Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common developmental motor disability in children, affecting the ability to move and maintain balance and posture. Lead poisoning, physical abuse, and maternal use of alcohol during the third trimester are not identified as being the most common causes of delayed motor development in the pediatric client.

Nursing/Int.Conc:  Nursing Process: Implementation

Client Need:  Health Promotion and Maintenance

Cognitive Level:  Application

Learning Outcome:  16-1

 

3) The population health nurse is designing a program to educate parents of 12-year-old children. The nurse plans to explain the usual behavioral expectations of most 12-year-olds. The best description of this teaching would be that it involves:

1. Anticipatory guidance.
2. Behavior-focused teaching.
3. Developmental psychology.
4. Community-driven teaching.

Answer:  1

Explanation:  1. Anticipatory guidance involves providing information to parents and others regarding behavioral expectations of children and adolescents at a specific age, before they reach that age. The other choices are not identified methods to provide teaching.

Nursing/Int.Conc:  Nursing Process: Planning

Client Need:  Health Promotion and Maintenance

Cognitive Level:  Analysis

Learning Outcome:  16-1

 

4) The nurse is explaining how maintaining high rates of immunization among children not only protects individual children from disease, but also serves to protect other members of the population. This best describes:

1. Active immunity.
2. Passive immunity.
3. Acquired immunity.
4. Herd immunity.

Answer:  4

Explanation:  4. Herd immunity is the level of protection provided to unimmunized people when immunization rates are high among the rest of the population. Active immunity is the immunity resulting from the development of antibodies within the body that neutralize or destroy the infective agent. Passive immunity is immunity acquired by the introduction of preformed antibodies into an unprotected individual. Acquired immunity is immunity resulting from the development of active or passive immunity.

Nursing/Int.Conc:  Nursing Process: Implementation

Client Need:  Health Promotion and Maintenance

Cognitive Level:  Analysis

Learning Outcome:  16-1

 

5) The nurse is working with a family of five: the mother, father, and three children. The children are constantly exposed to hostility and aggressive behaviors by both parents. The nurse knows that these children will be more likely to:

1. Run away from home at the time of adolescence.
2. Commit suicide.
3. Display these same behaviors themselves.
4. Become submissive adults.

Answer:  3

Explanation:  3. Research has shown consistently that children exposed to hostility and aggressive behaviors by other family members are more likely to display these same behaviors themselves. There is no evidence to support that children exposed to hostility and aggressive behaviors by both parents will run away from home, commit suicide, or become submissive adults.

Nursing/Int.Conc:  Nursing Process: Assessment

Client Need:  Health Promotion and Maintenance

Cognitive Level:  Analysis

Learning Outcome:  16-1

 

6) The population nurse is planning a program to address the problem of low birth weight babies. Which interventions should the nurse include in this program? (Select all that apply.)

1. Promote smoking cessation.
2. Support the use of folic acid.
3. Review importance of adequate prenatal nutrition.
4. Explain the importance of immunizations in well-baby care.
5. Explain the hazards of alcohol consumption during pregnancy.

Answer:  1, 2, 3, 5

Explanation:  1. Low birth weight can be prevented by a group of population health nursing interventions including adequate prenatal nutrition and prevention of smoking and use of alcohol during pregnancy. Population health nurses can also promote the use of folic acid. Explaining the importance of immunizations in well-baby care will not help address the problem of low birth weight babies.

2. Low birth weight can be prevented by a group of population health nursing interventions including adequate prenatal nutrition and prevention of smoking and use of alcohol during pregnancy. Population health nurses can also promote the use of folic acid. Explaining the importance of immunizations in well-baby care will not help address the problem of low birth weight babies.
3. Low birth weight can be prevented by a group of population health nursing interventions including adequate prenatal nutrition and prevention of smoking and use of alcohol during pregnancy. Population health nurses can also promote the use of folic acid. Explaining the importance of immunizations in well-baby care will not help address the problem of low birth weight babies.
4. Low birth weight can be prevented by a group of population health nursing interventions including adequate prenatal nutrition and prevention of smoking and use of alcohol during pregnancy. Population health nurses can also promote the use of folic acid. Explaining the importance of immunizations in well-baby care will not help address the problem of low birth weight babies.

Nursing/Int.Conc:  Nursing Process: Planning

Client Need:  Health Promotion and Maintenance

Cognitive Level:  Application

Learning Outcome:  16-2

 

7) The population health nurse is caring for a family with a child diagnosed with a chronic illness. On what should the nurse focus when addressing the needs of the parents who are caring for this child? (Select all that apply.)

1. Reorganizing family roles.
2. Using the Internet for support.
3. Developing specific care skills.
4. Meeting other family responsibilities.
5. Encouraging the child’s development.

Answer:  1, 3, 4

Explanation:  1. Initial areas of concern for parents of children with a chronic condition include developing specific care skills, reorganizing family roles to incorporate care of the affected child, and continuing to meet other family and social responsibilities. Using the Internet for support would be helpful to meet the needs of the family with a terminally ill child. Encouraging the child’s development supports the child’s needs and not necessarily those of the parents.

3. Initial areas of concern for parents of children with a chronic condition include developing specific care skills, reorganizing family roles to incorporate care of the affected child, and continuing to meet other family and social responsibilities. Using the Internet for support would be helpful to meet the needs of the family with a terminally ill child. Encouraging the child’s development supports the child’s needs and not necessarily those of the parents.
4. Initial areas of concern for parents of children with a chronic condition include developing specific care skills, reorganizing family roles to incorporate care of the affected child, and continuing to meet other family and social responsibilities. Using the Internet for support would be helpful to meet the needs of the family with a terminally ill child. Encouraging the child’s development supports the child’s needs and not necessarily those of the parents.

Nursing/Int.Conc:  Nursing Process: Planning

Client Need:  Health Promotion and Maintenance

Cognitive Level:  Application

Learning Outcome:  16-3

 

8) The population health nurse encourages a single parent of a child with juvenile arthritis to participate in weekly yoga classes. Which type of coping is the nurse encouraging this parent to develop?

1. Emotional.
2. Future-focused.
3. Problem-focused.
4. Appraisal-focused.

Answer:  1

Explanation:  1. Families with children experiencing a chronic illness may need assistance in developing coping skills that will help them adapt to the burden of care. Families may use three types of coping to help them adjust. Appraisal-focused coping addresses family members’ appraisal of the meaning of the stressor. Problem-focused coping is action oriented and involves planning and action to deal with sources of stress. Emotional coping strategies are designed to regulate emotional responses to stress. Examples of emotional coping strategies include exercise. Future-focused is not a category of coping.

Nursing/Int.Conc:  Nursing Process: Implementation

Client Need:  Health Promotion and Maintenance

Cognitive Level:  Analysis

Learning Outcome:  16-3

 

9) During a home visit the population nurse determines that a child with type 1 diabetes mellitus is activity participating in self-management. What did the nurse observe to come to this conclusion?

1. Mother makes the child lunch.
2. Child measure capillary blood glucose.
3. Brother waits to play with the child outdoors.
4. Older sister takes the child to the playground.

Answer:  2

Explanation:  2. With a chronic illness, self-management would be the child taking responsibility for the care of the illness such as measuring own capillary blood glucose. The actions of the other family members do not support the child’s self-management of the health problem.

Nursing/Int.Conc:  Nursing Process: Evaluation

Client Need:  Health Promotion and Maintenance

Cognitive Level:  Analysis

Learning Outcome:  16-4

 

10) The nurse is planning to teach a class about dental care to a group of expectant women. The nurse should teach that dental hygiene should begin:

1. At birth.
2. When the first tooth erupts.
3. When the child can hold a toothbrush.
4. When the child starts solid food.

Answer:  2

Explanation:  2. Dental hygiene should begin as soon as the child’s first tooth erupts. At this time, parents can be encouraged to rub teeth briskly with a dry washcloth. Dental hygiene does not need to begin at birth. Waiting until the child starts solid food or until the child can hold a toothbrush might not support adequate dental hygiene for the child.

Nursing/Int.Conc:  Nursing Process: Implementation

Client Need:  Health Promotion and Maintenance

Cognitive Level:  Application

Learning Outcome:  16-2

 

11) An exacerbation of an adolescent child’s chronic health problem has been addressed. What action should the population health nurse plan to promote adjustment of the child and family?

1. Discuss the child’s health needs with the school nurse.
2. Encourage the family to see the routine Friday night movie.
3. Suggest the child attend counseling to help with the problem.
4. Schedule an assistant to help with child care while the parents take a weekend off.

Answer:  2

Explanation:  2. Encouraging the family to see the routine Friday night movie promotes normal family life as much as possible. Discussing the child’s health needs with the school nurse helps promote the child’s self-management. Suggesting the child attend counseling and scheduling an assistant while the parents take a weekend off are actions to prevent consequences.

Nursing/Int.Conc:  Nursing Process: Implementation

Client Need:  Health Promotion and Maintenance

Cognitive Level:  Application

Learning Outcome:  16-4

 

12) The mother asks the nurse when her infant should be screened for tuberculosis (TB). The nurse should explain that routine screening for TB usually occurs initially:

1. At birth.
2. At four months of age.
3. At three years of age.
4. When the child starts school.

Answer:  2

Explanation:  2. Tuberculosis screening for an infant occurs at 4 months. This screening is not necessary at birth. The screening should occur before 3 years of age or when the child begins school.

Nursing/Int.Conc:  Nursing Process: Implementation

Client Need:  Health Promotion and Maintenance

Cognitive Level:  Application

Learning Outcome:  16-3

13) After attending a community meeting the population health nurse learns that 15 children in the community have terminal illnesses. What action should the nurse take to support the care of these children?

1. Review the recommendations for each child’s ongoing care.
2. Explain the importance of screening for illnesses early in a child’s life.
3. Analyze family environments to reduce the risk of illness development.
4. Ensure palliative and hospice care is available to the children and families.

Answer:  4

Explanation:  4. One primary function of population health nurses in the care of children and adolescents with terminal illnesses is palliative care. At the aggregate level, population health nurses work to assure the availability of pediatric palliative and hospice care services in the community and their accessibility to all those in need of them. Reviewing the recommendations for each child’s ongoing care is an attempt to resolve a health problem. Explaining the importance of early screening and analyzing family environments are prevention strategies.

Nursing/Int.Conc:  Nursing Process: Implementation

Client Need:  Health Promotion and Maintenance

Cognitive Level:  Application

Learning Outcome:  16-4

 

14) There are three aspects to restoring health and managing long-term conditions with children and adolescents with a chronic illness of disability. Two of the aspects include preventing recurrence of problems and preventing further consequences. What is the third aspect that the population nurse needs to address?

1. Promoting adjustment.
2. Referring for other medical opinions.
3. Providing palliative care.
4. Diagnosing secondary problems.

Answer:  1

Explanation:  1. Restoring health and managing long-term conditions focuses on the particular health problems experienced by children or adolescents: preventing recurrence of problems, preventing further consequences, and promoting adjustment. Referring for other medical opinions, providing palliative care and diagnosing secondary problems do not support the restoration of health and management of long-term conditions.

Nursing/Int.Conc:  Nursing Process: Planning

Client Need:  Health Promotion and Maintenance

Cognitive Level:  Analysis

Learning Outcome:  16-4

 

15) At the completion of a population assessment the population health nurse determines that a community has several protective factors for child maltreatment. What did the nurse assess to make this decision? (Select all that apply.)

1. Parental unemployment 1.2%.
2. 90% of children in two-parent families.
3. Six episodes of gang violence in the last month.
4. Community health clinic available to all members.
5. Eight families had parents hospitalized for drug overdoses.

Answer:  1, 2, 4

Explanation:  1. Protective factors for child maltreatment include parental employment, stable family relationships, and access to needed health care. Risk factors for child maltreatment include community violence and parental substance abuse.

2. Protective factors for child maltreatment include parental employment, stable family relationships, and access to needed health care. Risk factors for child maltreatment include community violence and parental substance abuse.
3. Protective factors for child maltreatment include parental employment, stable family relationships, and access to needed health care. Risk factors for child maltreatment include community violence and parental substance abuse.

Nursing/Int.Conc:  Nursing Process: Evaluation

Client Need:  Health Promotion and Maintenance

Cognitive Level:  Analysis

Learning Outcome:  16-1