Chapter 13: Practising Diversity

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. What term does C. Wright Mills use to define the process of being able to take ourselves away from the reality of a situation and look at it in a different way?

a.
becoming an agent of change
b.
using your sociological imagination
c.
joining a social movement
d.
travelling and exploring the world

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 242 BLM: Remember

2. What term means being aware of the potential to make change on a private or individual level, and seeing the changes as they occur in societal institutions and organizations on a public level—nationally, internationally, and globally?

a.
becoming an agent of change
b.
using your sociological imagination
c.
joining a social movement
d.
travelling and exploring the world

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 242 BLM: Higher Order

3. A social organization becomes more complex by, for example, transitioning from the barter system to capitalism. At what stage of Talcott Parsons’s equilibrium model does this occur?

a.
value generation
b.
adaptive upgrading
c.
inclusion
d.
differentiation

ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 243 BLM: Remember

4. In his equilibrium model, functionalist theorist Talcott Parsons refers to social institutions becoming more specialized. What term does he use for this process?

a.
value generation
b.
adaptive upgrading
c.
inclusion
d.
differentiation

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 243 BLM: Remember

5. At which stage of his equilibrium model would Talcott Parsons place women gaining the right to vote?

a.
value generation
b.
adaptive upgrading
c.
inclusion
d.
differentiation

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 243 BLM: Remember

6. A society develops new values that tolerate and legitimate a wider range of activities, such as the increased acceptance of same-sex marriage. At what stage does this occur in Talcott Parsons’s equilibrium model?

a.
value generation
b.
adaptive upgrading
c.
inclusion
d.
differentiation

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 243 BLM: Remember

7. Professor Lyman believes that social change is all about maintaining order in society. He believes that everything in society has a function and that each institution works together to maintain balance and harmony. Which sociological theory do Professor Lyman’s beliefs align with?

a.
conflict theory
b.
functionalism
c.
feminist theory
d.
classist theory

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 243 BLM: Higher Order

8. Mr. Beattie explains social change as the result of a struggle between classes, races, or other groups. He argues that if inequality didn’t exist, society would remain static and would not grow or change. Which sociological theory does Mr. Beattie’s philosophy align with?

a.
functionalism
b.
feminist theory
c.
conflict theory
d.
classist theory

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 243 BLM: Higher Order

9. Which sociological theorist believed that conflict brings about change and that a socialist revolution led by the “underclass” would cause society to move toward a classless society?

a.
Emile Durkheim
b.
Auguste Comte
c.
Patricia Hill Collins
d.
Karl Marx

ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 243 BLM: Remember

10. Which sociological theorist believes that social change should be sought for individuals who, because of their social statuses, face political, social, cultural, economic, or any other kind of injustice?

a.
Emile Durkheim
b.
Auguste Comte
c.
Patricia Hill Collins
d.
Karl Marx

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 243 BLM: Remember

11. Professor Tilman believes that gender is an organizing principle in society that profoundly shapes the condition of our lives. He also believes that any social research that does not consider how power and privilege influence social organization is limited. Which sociological theory does Professor Tilman’s philosophy align with?

a.
functionalism
b.
feminist theory
c.
conflict theory
d.
classist theory

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 243 BLM: Higher Order

12. What is the difference between social justice and charity?

a.
Charity happens when someone provides immediate help or relief to those in need; social justice tries to change the social structures or practices that created the inequalities in the first place.
b.
Social justice involves actions or donations to provide immediate help to those in need; charity is an interactive process in which members seek equitable treatment for all members of society, regardless of their social status.
c.
Charity is an organized attempt by a number of individuals either to change or to resist change in society; social justice seeks to change the social structures or practices that create inequalities.
d.
Social justice is an aspect of charity.

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 244 BLM: Remember

13. A group of high school students raised money for a pipeline that would bring clean water to small community in Haiti. Multiple groups of experts went to Haiti to help build the pipeline. A month later, the pipeline broke down; no one in the community knew how to repair it. What is this scenario an example of?

a.
social justice
b.
social change
c.
sociological imagination
d.
charity

ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 244 BLM: Higher Order

14. Jonah often brought food to the homeless individuals who congregated outside of his workplace. He realized that although he was helping these people on an individual level, someone needed to address the larger issue of lack of affordable housing in their community. Jonah and a few friends decided to circulate a petition encouraging the government to devote more of its resources to building affordable housing. What is this action of Jonah and his friends in encouraging social change at the institutional level an example of?

a.
social justice
b.
social change
c.
sociological imagination
d.
charity

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 244 BLM: Higher Order

15. What principle does the adage “Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day; teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime” illustrate?

a.
social responsibility
b.
sociological imagination
c.
social justice
d.
charity

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 244 BLM: Higher Order

16. Which statement best illustrates the concept of social consciousness?

a.
being aware of your surroundings on a personal level, but also in tune with the surroundings of the larger society as a whole simultaneously, both unconsciously and consciously
b.
disregarding your surroundings on a personal level and consciously focusing on the surrounding of the larger society as a whole
c.
disregarding the surroundings of the larger society as a whole and consciously focusing on your surroundings on a personal level
d.
recognizing that corporations and individuals have an ethical duty or responsibility to protect Earth and society as whole

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 244 BLM: Higher Order

17. Which statement best illustrates the concept of social responsibility?

ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 245 BLM: Higher Order

18. What term is used for goods that were produced in such a way that their production function or activities were NOT harmful to the consumer or society?

a.
products of charity
b.
products of social justice
c.
ethically produced products
d.
socially Responsible products

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 245 BLM: Remember

19. In Chapter 13’s In Their Shoes, we learn of a story of a young student who went to Africa and found her life’s purpose. This story is a good example of which tool for achieving equity at a personal level?

a.
social consciousness
b.
the “Aha! moment”
c.
informed action
d.
social responsibility

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 245-246 BLM: Higher Order

20. What is the name of the process that involves becoming aware of a social issue, empathizing with those who are affected by the issue, learning more about the issue, realizing that you’re drawn to the issue, sharing what you’ve learned, and taking action against the injustice?

a.
informed action
b.
personal advocacy
c.
kindness
d.
leadership

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 247 BLM: Remember

21. Although Kelly is straight, she involves herself in the fight against heterosexism because she believes that everyone should be accepted regardless of sexual orientation. According to Anne Bishop, what would Kelly be called?

a.
a social pioneer
b.
an ally or advocate
c.
a personal support worker
d.
a stakeholder

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 248 BLM: Higher Order

22. What type of action causes the release of oxytocin, which makes individuals feel more emotional warmth and connects people, strengthening the bonds of existing relationships and causing new relationships to develop?

a.
kindness
b.
leadership
c.
informed action
d.
personal advocacy

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 249 BLM: Remember

23. When it comes to civic engagement, James Surowiecki believes that in order to maximize the wisdom of group interaction, people need unbiased information and the time to process and form their own judgments about it. Which of Surowiecki’s four guidelines does this notion represent?

a.
diversity
b.
independent thought and opinion
c.
inclusion
d.
aggregation

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 250 BLM: Remember

24. As a strategy for civic engagement, James Surowiecki argues that everyone in the community should be represented, and that there must be a system in place to organize individual input so that it is representative of a community decision. Which of Surowiecki’s four guidelines does this notion represent?

a.
diversity
b.
independent thought and opinion
c.
inclusion
d.
aggregation

ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 250 BLM: Remember

25. The idea that the best decisions come from difference and discussion, rather than from like-minded individuals sharing the same experiences represents which of James Surowiecki’s four guidelines?

a.
diversity
b.
independent thought and opinion
c.
inclusion
d.
aggregation

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 250 BLM: Remember

26. Shendrita had moved from one school to another—and often from one city to another—to avoid being bullied at school. She always struggled to fit in, and she couldn’t seem to escape being victimized. In late high school, Shendrita tried to commit suicide. As part of her healing process, she now goes into elementary and high schools to tell her story. Sharing her experiences illustrates which powerful tool for achieving equity at a public level?

a.
civic engagement
b.
aggregation
c.
listening/storytelling
d.
inclusion

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 250-251 BLM: Higher Order

27. What is the difference between an institution and an organization?

a.
An institution is a formal or informal group that has defined and accepted roles, positions, and responsibilities; an organization is a governing body through which social order and basic societal needs are met.
b.
An organization is a formal or informal group that has defined and accepted roles, positions, and responsibilities; an institution is a governing body through which social order and basic societal needs are met.
c.
An organization sets the rules in a society; the institutions abide by those rules.
d.
Institutions and their members work in an organizational framework while trying to influence the framework to achieve a greater advantage.

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 252 BLM: Remember

28. Effective social change can be implemented at the organizational or institutional level. What is one example of social change at the institutional level?

a.
the inclusion of transgender washrooms
b.
the addition of ramps that meet accessibility requirements
c.
the Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act
d.
a series of diversity training initiatives

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 252-253 BLM: Remember

29. As a strategy for civic engagement, James Surowiecki argues that everyone in the community should be represented. He says this is advisable because people have their own specialization and skills that they bring to the table, and key pieces of the puzzle will be missing without these contributions. Which of Surowiecki’s four guidelines does this idea represent?

a.
diversity
b.
independent thought and opinion
c.
inclusion
d.
aggregation

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 250 BLM: Remember

30. In Chapter 13’s reading, “Me to We: Turning Self-Help on Its Head,” Marc and Craig Kielburger explain why they think people aren’t reaching out and helping each other more often. What explanation do they give?

a.
social inertia, or millions of people acting as bystanders on a massive, worldwide scale
b.
people’s lack of awareness of social justice issues
c.
economic inequalities within and among nations
d.
individualism and consumerism in the developed world

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 255-256 BLM: Higher Order