Disease Outbreak Report

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In an investigation for Cholera outbreak, there involved some steps and criteria. Responding to an outbreak of cholera is a general commitment and concentration on the medical aspects that can help in reducing the mortality rate and the general adverse effects of cholera (Jameel et al., 2016). The more comprehensive action is however needed to reduce the spread and causes of the disease. To investigate the cause of the outbreak there is required to do it stepwise using a team. The team may comprise of one or two specialists in this field and use a comprehensive method to ensure the accuracy of the investigation. The team must be aware of the essential elements that are supposed to be examined, and the interventions are to be implemented first. This intervention may not be within their field of knowledge, but they are necessary (Phelps &Simonsen, 2016). The team also has to gather the required resources and tools in the investigation process.

Once the outbreak is identified and verified clinically, investigation of the possible cause must be carried out on the potential reasons that are usually the major causes of transmission form which the appropriate action measures can be taken to control the situation. These transmission elements include:

Use of contaminated water such drinking cooking. The source of contamination can be a result of transportation, storage or even contaminated water sources. Contaminated water is a primary cause of cholera, and hence it is essential to examine it.

Contaminated food. It I important to test any possibilities of food that may be infected and could be a source of cholera.

Seafood such as fish. Seafood can be a source of contamination due to contaminated water. They can hence be carrying contaminations that if consumed can bring cholera viruses.

Vegetables and fruits. They are potential causes of cholera. Often people forget to wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly before consuming them. Failure to clean them can be a primary way of contracting cholera.

Prevention Levels of Cholera

There are three levels of prevention that a population can adapt to reduce the spread of an outbreak. The team can also adopt the three levels to help the affected population in preventing further spread of cholera outbreak. They include:

Primary prevention. This level involves the preventive measure that can be used in at the initial stage of the disease or illness before proceeding to the disease itself such as exercises and vaccination.

The secondary level of prevention. This stage involves the preventive measures which lead to initial diagnosis and provide a lead to the treatment of a disease, injury or illnesses and prevent more adverse effects. The team investigating the outbreak can also help in educating the community in acquiring skills of detecting diseases in detecting illness problems at the early stage of disease for example screening of a disease such as diabetes.

Tertiary prevention. This level involves preventive measures that are aimed at rehabilitating patients who already got major illnesses. The team can help rehabilitating victims who have developed impairment already.

Preventions of Cholera

Some of the prevention methods for cholera that can be applied are described below.

Use of safe water. Safe water must be used in cooking and drinking to avoid chances of cholera infection.

Washing of hands with safe water and soap before eating or cooking food

Safe cleaning of houses or dishes that in the homes

Hygienic cooking through thorough cleaning of dishes, cooking utensils, and food such as vegetables

Criteria to be met before Screening Chorela

Screening of cholera requires a set of criteria to be met (Jameel et al., 2016). The requirements include:

Detection of the asymptomatic population. Testing of the community from the most prevent regions and groups that are most vulnerable to cholera infection can be the first criteria for a screening of cholera.

Water screening. Water is a significant source of cholera especially if it is contaminated (Phelps &Simonsen, 2016). To examine the cause of a cholera outbreak, it is essential to screen water sources to establish if there could be any chance of infections.

Evaluating the effectiveness the Screening Program

There is also the need to evaluate the effectiveness of the screening program conduct experiments and laboratory examinations to establish the primary cause of the disease. This test can be carried out using samples collected and examined to determine the outbreak. The team engaged in collecting samples and investigating the outbreak need to meet regularly. They should be funded so that they can cater for implementation of specific decisions (Phelps &Simonsen, 2016). They must also be adequately designated so that they a comfortably gather the right updates on the epidemiological conditions on the ground. The team will only determine the effectiveness of the screening program through a collection of data and sampling. On the screened population. The information obtained and tested will tell how effective the screening program was and the appropriate measures to be carried out (Phelps &Simonsen, 2016).

References

Jameel, S. K., Shafek, M. A., Abdulmohsen, A. M., Mohamed, N. S., Naji, S. R., & Mohammed, T. T. (2016). The Isolation of Vibrio cholera and Other Enteric Bacteria with Molecular Characterization of Vibrio cholera during the Outbreak of Baghdad/Iraq in 2015. Advances in Microbiology, 6(09), 699.

Phelps, M., &Simonsen, L. (2016). Epidemiological description of unmitigated cholera epidemics in 19th century Denmark. In ASTHM anual meeting.