Homework Lance
Pharmacology and the Nursing Process Practice Exam
Basic Principles of Pharmacology
- Q1: What is the primary organ responsible for drug metabolism in the body?
Answer: The liver.
- Q2: What is the term for the time it takes for the drug concentration in the blood to decrease by 50%?
Answer: Half-life.
- Q3: A patient with kidney failure is likely to have difficulty with which pharmacokinetic process?
Answer: Excretion.
- Q4: What is bioavailability?
Answer: The fraction of administered drug that reaches systemic circulation.
- Q5: What is the first-pass effect?
Answer: The metabolism of a drug in the liver before it reaches systemic circulation.
- Q6: Define therapeutic index.
Answer: The ratio between a drug’s toxic dose and its therapeutic dose.
- Q7: What is the difference between pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics?
Answer: Pharmacodynamics is the study of drug effects on the body, while pharmacokinetics is the study of drug movement through the body.
- Q8: What factors can affect drug absorption?
Answer: Route of administration, blood flow, solubility, and gastrointestinal pH.
- Q9: What is the difference between agonist and antagonist drugs?
Answer: An agonist activates receptors, while an antagonist blocks them.
- Q10: What is the primary organ responsible for drug metabolism in the body?
Answer: The liver.
- Q11: What is the term for the time it takes for the drug concentration in the blood to decrease by 50%?
Answer: Half-life.
- Q12: A patient with kidney failure is likely to have difficulty with which pharmacokinetic process?
Answer: Excretion.
- Q13: What is bioavailability?
Answer: The fraction of administered drug that reaches systemic circulation.
- Q14: What is the first-pass effect?
Answer: The metabolism of a drug in the liver before it reaches systemic circulation.
- Q15: Define therapeutic index.
Answer: The ratio between a drug’s toxic dose and its therapeutic dose.
- Q16: What is the difference between pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics?
Answer: Pharmacodynamics is the study of drug effects on the body, while pharmacokinetics is the study of drug movement through the body.
- Q17: What factors can affect drug absorption?
Answer: Route of administration, blood flow, solubility, and gastrointestinal pH.
- Q18: What is the difference between agonist and antagonist drugs?
Answer: An agonist activates receptors, while an antagonist blocks them.
- Q19: What is the primary organ responsible for drug metabolism in the body?
Answer: The liver.
- Q20: What is the term for the time it takes for the drug concentration in the blood to decrease by 50%?
Answer: Half-life.
- Q21: A patient with kidney failure is likely to have difficulty with which pharmacokinetic process?
Answer: Excretion.
- Q22: What is bioavailability?
Answer: The fraction of administered drug that reaches systemic circulation.
- Q23: What is the first-pass effect?
Answer: The metabolism of a drug in the liver before it reaches systemic circulation.
- Q24: Define therapeutic index.
Answer: The ratio between a drug’s toxic dose and its therapeutic dose.
- Q25: What is the difference between pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics?
Answer: Pharmacodynamics is the study of drug effects on the body, while pharmacokinetics is the study of drug movement through the body.
- Q26: What factors can affect drug absorption?
Answer: Route of administration, blood flow, solubility, and gastrointestinal pH.
- Q27: What is the difference between agonist and antagonist drugs?
Answer: An agonist activates receptors, while an antagonist blocks them.
- Q28: What is the primary organ responsible for drug metabolism in the body?
Answer: The liver.
- Q29: What is the term for the time it takes for the drug concentration in the blood to decrease by 50%?
Answer: Half-life.
- Q30: A patient with kidney failure is likely to have difficulty with which pharmacokinetic process?
Answer: Excretion.
- Q31: What is bioavailability?
Answer: The fraction of administered drug that reaches systemic circulation.
- Q32: What is the first-pass effect?
Answer: The metabolism of a drug in the liver before it reaches systemic circulation.
- Q33: Define therapeutic index.
Answer: The ratio between a drug’s toxic dose and its therapeutic dose.
- Q34: What is the difference between pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics?
Answer: Pharmacodynamics is the study of drug effects on the body, while pharmacokinetics is the study of drug movement through the body.
- Q35: What factors can affect drug absorption?
Answer: Route of administration, blood flow, solubility, and gastrointestinal pH.
- Q36: What is the difference between agonist and antagonist drugs?
Answer: An agonist activates receptors, while an antagonist blocks them.
- Q37: What is the primary organ responsible for drug metabolism in the body?
Answer: The liver.
- Q38: What is the term for the time it takes for the drug concentration in the blood to decrease by 50%?
Answer: Half-life.
- Q39: A patient with kidney failure is likely to have difficulty with which pharmacokinetic process?
Answer: Excretion.
- Q40: What is bioavailability?
Answer: The fraction of administered drug that reaches systemic circulation.
- Q41: What is the first-pass effect?
Answer: The metabolism of a drug in the liver before it reaches systemic circulation.
- Q42: Define therapeutic index.
Answer: The ratio between a drug’s toxic dose and its therapeutic dose.
- Q43: What is the difference between pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics?
Answer: Pharmacodynamics is the study of drug effects on the body, while pharmacokinetics is the study of drug movement through the body.
- Q44: What factors can affect drug absorption?
Answer: Route of administration, blood flow, solubility, and gastrointestinal pH.
- Q45: What is the difference between agonist and antagonist drugs?
Answer: An agonist activates receptors, while an antagonist blocks them.
- Q46: What is the primary organ responsible for drug metabolism in the body?
Answer: The liver.
- Q47: What is the term for the time it takes for the drug concentration in the blood to decrease by 50%?
Answer: Half-life.
- Q48: A patient with kidney failure is likely to have difficulty with which pharmacokinetic process?
Answer: Excretion.
- Q49: What is bioavailability?
Answer: The fraction of administered drug that reaches systemic circulation.
- Q50: What is the first-pass effect?
Answer: The metabolism of a drug in the liver before it reaches systemic circulation.
- Q51: Define therapeutic index.
Answer: The ratio between a drug’s toxic dose and its therapeutic dose.
- Q52: What is the difference between pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics?
Answer: Pharmacodynamics is the study of drug effects on the body, while pharmacokinetics is the study of drug movement through the body.
- Q53: What factors can affect drug absorption?
Answer: Route of administration, blood flow, solubility, and gastrointestinal pH.
- Q54: What is the difference between agonist and antagonist drugs?
Answer: An agonist activates receptors, while an antagonist blocks them.
- Q55: What is the primary organ responsible for drug metabolism in the body?
Answer: The liver.
- Q56: What is the term for the time it takes for the drug concentration in the blood to decrease by 50%?
Answer: Half-life.
- Q57: A patient with kidney failure is likely to have difficulty with which pharmacokinetic process?
Answer: Excretion.
- Q58: What is bioavailability?
Answer: The fraction of administered drug that reaches systemic circulation.
- Q59: What is the first-pass effect?
Answer: The metabolism of a drug in the liver before it reaches systemic circulation.
- Q60: Define therapeutic index.
Answer: The ratio between a drug’s toxic dose and its therapeutic dose.
- Q61: What is the difference between pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics?
Answer: Pharmacodynamics is the study of drug effects on the body, while pharmacokinetics is the study of drug movement through the body.
- Q62: What factors can affect drug absorption?
Answer: Route of administration, blood flow, solubility, and gastrointestinal pH.
- Q63: What is the difference between agonist and antagonist drugs?
Answer: An agonist activates receptors, while an antagonist blocks them.
- Q64: What is the primary organ responsible for drug metabolism in the body?
Answer: The liver.
- Q65: What is the term for the time it takes for the drug concentration in the blood to decrease by 50%?
Answer: Half-life.
- Q66: A patient with kidney failure is likely to have difficulty with which pharmacokinetic process?
Answer: Excretion.
- Q67: What is bioavailability?
Answer: The fraction of administered drug that reaches systemic circulation.
- Q68: What is the first-pass effect?
Answer: The metabolism of a drug in the liver before it reaches systemic circulation.
- Q69: Define therapeutic index.
Answer: The ratio between a drug’s toxic dose and its therapeutic dose.
- Q70: What is the difference between pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics?
Answer: Pharmacodynamics is the study of drug effects on the body, while pharmacokinetics is the study of drug movement through the body.
- Q71: What factors can affect drug absorption?
Answer: Route of administration, blood flow, solubility, and gastrointestinal pH.
- Q72: What is the difference between agonist and antagonist drugs?
Answer: An agonist activates receptors, while an antagonist blocks them.
- Q73: What is the primary organ responsible for drug metabolism in the body?
Answer: The liver.
- Q74: What is the term for the time it takes for the drug concentration in the blood to decrease by 50%?
Answer: Half-life.
- Q75: A patient with kidney failure is likely to have difficulty with which pharmacokinetic process?
Answer: Excretion.
- Q76: What is bioavailability?
Answer: The fraction of administered drug that reaches systemic circulation.
- Q77: What is the first-pass effect?
Answer: The metabolism of a drug in the liver before it reaches systemic circulation.
- Q78: Define therapeutic index.
Answer: The ratio between a drug’s toxic dose and its therapeutic dose.
- Q79: What is the difference between pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics?
Answer: Pharmacodynamics is the study of drug effects on the body, while pharmacokinetics is the study of drug movement through the body.
- Q80: What factors can affect drug absorption?
Answer: Route of administration, blood flow, solubility, and gastrointestinal pH.
- Q81: What is the difference between agonist and antagonist drugs?
Answer: An agonist activates receptors, while an antagonist blocks them.
- Q82: What is the primary organ responsible for drug metabolism in the body?
Answer: The liver.
- Q83: What is the term for the time it takes for the drug concentration in the blood to decrease by 50%?
Answer: Half-life.
- Q84: A patient with kidney failure is likely to have difficulty with which pharmacokinetic process?
Answer: Excretion.
- Q85: What is bioavailability?
Answer: The fraction of administered drug that reaches systemic circulation.
- Q86: What is the first-pass effect?
Answer: The metabolism of a drug in the liver before it reaches systemic circulation.
- Q87: Define therapeutic index.
Answer: The ratio between a drug’s toxic dose and its therapeutic dose.
- Q88: What is the difference between pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics?
Answer: Pharmacodynamics is the study of drug effects on the body, while pharmacokinetics is the study of drug movement through the body.
- Q89: What factors can affect drug absorption?
Answer: Route of administration, blood flow, solubility, and gastrointestinal pH.
- Q90: What is the difference between agonist and antagonist drugs?
Answer: An agonist activates receptors, while an antagonist blocks them.
Medication Administration
- Q91: What is the most common site for intramuscular injections in adults?
Answer: The ventrogluteal muscle.
- Q92: When administering medication through a nasogastric (NG) tube, the nurse should:
Mix all medications together.
B. Flush the tube before and after administration.
C. Use undiluted liquid medication.
D. Administer medications simultaneously.
Answer: B. Flush the tube before and after administration.
- Q93: What is the Z-track method?
Answer: A technique used to prevent medication from leaking into subcutaneous tissues during an IM injection.
- Q94: What is the proper needle angle for a subcutaneous injection?
Answer: 45 to 90 degrees, depending on the patient’s body mass.
- Q95: How should insulin be mixed when combining short-acting and intermediate-acting types?
Answer: Draw up the clear (short-acting) insulin first, then the cloudy (intermediate-acting).
- Q96: What is the most common site for intramuscular injections in adults?
Answer: The ventrogluteal muscle.
- Q97: When administering medication through a nasogastric (NG) tube, the nurse should:
Mix all medications together.
B. Flush the tube before and after administration.
C. Use undiluted liquid medication.
D. Administer medications simultaneously.
Answer: B. Flush the tube before and after administration.
- Q98: What is the Z-track method?
Answer: A technique used to prevent medication from leaking into subcutaneous tissues during an IM injection.
- Q99: What is the proper needle angle for a subcutaneous injection?
Answer: 45 to 90 degrees, depending on the patient’s body mass.
- Q100: How should insulin be mixed when combining short-acting and intermediate-acting types?
Answer: Draw up the clear (short-acting) insulin first, then the cloudy (intermediate-acting).
- Q101: What is the most common site for intramuscular injections in adults?
Answer: The ventrogluteal muscle.
- Q102: When administering medication through a nasogastric (NG) tube, the nurse should:
Mix all medications together.
B. Flush the tube before and after administration.
C. Use undiluted liquid medication.
D. Administer medications simultaneously.
Answer: B. Flush the tube before and after administration.
- Q103: What is the Z-track method?
Answer: A technique used to prevent medication from leaking into subcutaneous tissues during an IM injection.
- Q104: What is the proper needle angle for a subcutaneous injection?
Answer: 45 to 90 degrees, depending on the patient’s body mass.
- Q105: How should insulin be mixed when combining short-acting and intermediate-acting types?
Answer: Draw up the clear (short-acting) insulin first, then the cloudy (intermediate-acting).
- Q106: What is the most common site for intramuscular injections in adults?
Answer: The ventrogluteal muscle.
- Q107: When administering medication through a nasogastric (NG) tube, the nurse should:
Mix all medications together.
B. Flush the tube before and after administration.
C. Use undiluted liquid medication.
D. Administer medications simultaneously.
Answer: B. Flush the tube before and after administration.
- Q108: What is the Z-track method?
Answer: A technique used to prevent medication from leaking into subcutaneous tissues during an IM injection.
- Q109: What is the proper needle angle for a subcutaneous injection?
Answer: 45 to 90 degrees, depending on the patient’s body mass.
- Q110: How should insulin be mixed when combining short-acting and intermediate-acting types?
Answer: Draw up the clear (short-acting) insulin first, then the cloudy (intermediate-acting).
- Q111: What is the most common site for intramuscular injections in adults?
Answer: The ventrogluteal muscle.
- Q112: When administering medication through a nasogastric (NG) tube, the nurse should:
Mix all medications together.
B. Flush the tube before and after administration.
C. Use undiluted liquid medication.
D. Administer medications simultaneously.
Answer: B. Flush the tube before and after administration.
- Q113: What is the Z-track method?
Answer: A technique used to prevent medication from leaking into subcutaneous tissues during an IM injection.
- Q114: What is the proper needle angle for a subcutaneous injection?
Answer: 45 to 90 degrees, depending on the patient’s body mass.
- Q115: How should insulin be mixed when combining short-acting and intermediate-acting types?
Answer: Draw up the clear (short-acting) insulin first, then the cloudy (intermediate-acting).
- Q116: What is the most common site for intramuscular injections in adults?
Answer: The ventrogluteal muscle.
- Q117: When administering medication through a nasogastric (NG) tube, the nurse should:
Mix all medications together.
B. Flush the tube before and after administration.
C. Use undiluted liquid medication.
D. Administer medications simultaneously.
Answer: B. Flush the tube before and after administration.
- Q118: What is the Z-track method?
Answer: A technique used to prevent medication from leaking into subcutaneous tissues during an IM injection.
- Q119: What is the proper needle angle for a subcutaneous injection?
Answer: 45 to 90 degrees, depending on the patient’s body mass.
- Q120: How should insulin be mixed when combining short-acting and intermediate-acting types?
Answer: Draw up the clear (short-acting) insulin first, then the cloudy (intermediate-acting).
- Q121: What is the most common site for intramuscular injections in adults?
Answer: The ventrogluteal muscle.
- Q122: When administering medication through a nasogastric (NG) tube, the nurse should:
Mix all medications together.
B. Flush the tube before and after administration.
C. Use undiluted liquid medication.
D. Administer medications simultaneously.
Answer: B. Flush the tube before and after administration.
- Q123: What is the Z-track method?
Answer: A technique used to prevent medication from leaking into subcutaneous tissues during an IM injection.
- Q124: What is the proper needle angle for a subcutaneous injection?
Answer: 45 to 90 degrees, depending on the patient’s body mass.
- Q125: How should insulin be mixed when combining short-acting and intermediate-acting types?
Answer: Draw up the clear (short-acting) insulin first, then the cloudy (intermediate-acting).
- Q126: What is the most common site for intramuscular injections in adults?
Answer: The ventrogluteal muscle.
- Q127: When administering medication through a nasogastric (NG) tube, the nurse should:
Mix all medications together.
B. Flush the tube before and after administration.
C. Use undiluted liquid medication.
D. Administer medications simultaneously.
Answer: B. Flush the tube before and after administration.
- Q128: What is the Z-track method?
Answer: A technique used to prevent medication from leaking into subcutaneous tissues during an IM injection.
- Q129: What is the proper needle angle for a subcutaneous injection?
Answer: 45 to 90 degrees, depending on the patient’s body mass.
- Q130: How should insulin be mixed when combining short-acting and intermediate-acting types?
Answer: Draw up the clear (short-acting) insulin first, then the cloudy (intermediate-acting).
Pharmacologic Categories
- Q131: What class of medication is lisinopril, and what is its primary action?
Answer: Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor that reduces blood pressure by relaxing blood vessels.
- Q132: Which class of drugs is commonly used to treat anxiety disorders?
Answer: Benzodiazepines.
- Q133: What is the action of calcium channel blockers?
Answer: They relax blood vessels and decrease heart rate.
- Q134: What are anticholinergic side effects?
Answer: Dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention, and tachycardia.
- Q135: What is the primary therapeutic use of statins?
Answer: To lower cholesterol levels.
- Q136: What class of medication is lisinopril, and what is its primary action?
Answer: Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor that reduces blood pressure by relaxing blood vessels.
- Q137: Which class of drugs is commonly used to treat anxiety disorders?
Answer: Benzodiazepines.
- Q138: What is the action of calcium channel blockers?
Answer: They relax blood vessels and decrease heart rate.
- Q139: What are anticholinergic side effects?
Answer: Dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention, and tachycardia.
- Q140: What is the primary therapeutic use of statins?
Answer: To lower cholesterol levels.
- Q141: What class of medication is lisinopril, and what is its primary action?
Answer: Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor that reduces blood pressure by relaxing blood vessels.
- Q142: Which class of drugs is commonly used to treat anxiety disorders?
Answer: Benzodiazepines.
- Q143: What is the action of calcium channel blockers?
Answer: They relax blood vessels and decrease heart rate.
- Q144: What are anticholinergic side effects?
Answer: Dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention, and tachycardia.
- Q145: What is the primary therapeutic use of statins?
Answer: To lower cholesterol levels.
- Q146: What class of medication is lisinopril, and what is its primary action?
Answer: Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor that reduces blood pressure by relaxing blood vessels.
- Q147: Which class of drugs is commonly used to treat anxiety disorders?
Answer: Benzodiazepines.
- Q148: What is the action of calcium channel blockers?
Answer: They relax blood vessels and decrease heart rate.
- Q149: What are anticholinergic side effects?
Answer: Dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention, and tachycardia.
- Q150: What is the primary therapeutic use of statins?
Answer: To lower cholesterol levels.
Patient Education
- Q151: A patient taking warfarin is taught to avoid excessive consumption of:
Answer: Foods high in vitamin K (e.g., green leafy vegetables).
Safety and Error Prevention
- Q152: What is the ‘six rights’ of medication administration?
Answer: Right patient, right medication, right dose, right route, right time, and right documentation.
- Q153: Which lab value should be monitored for a patient on digoxin therapy?
Answer: Serum potassium and digoxin levels.
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