The client receiving an intravenous infusion of morphine sulfate begins to experience respiratory depression and decreased urine output. This effect is describe

1.
Therapeutic
2.
Toxic
3.
Idiosyncratic
4.
Allergic

ANS: 2

Toxic levels of morphine may cause severe respiratory depression. Toxic effects may develop after prolonged intake of a medication or when a medication accumulates in the blood because of impaired metabolism or excretion. The client with a decreased urine output is not excreting the morphine. The therapeutic effect is the expected or predictable physiological response a medication causes. Respiratory depression and decreased urine output are not the desired (i.e., therapeutic) effects of morphine.

An idiosyncratic effect is when a medication causes an unpredictable outcome, such as when a client overreacts or underreacts to a medication. This is not an example of an idiosyncratic effect.

When a client experiences an allergic response to a medication, the medication acts as an antigen, triggering the release of the body’s antibodies. The client may experience itching, urticaria, or a rash, or, in more severe cases, may have difficulty breathing. The client’s response to morphine is not an example of an allergic effect.

#1 1. A client is nauseated, has been vomiting for several hours

1. A client is nauseated, has been vomiting for several hours, and needs to receive an antiemetic (anti-nausea) medication. The nurse recognizes that which of the following is accurate? 1.An enteric-coated medication should be given. 2.Medication will not be absorbed as easily because of the nausea. 3.A parenteral route is the route of choice. 4.A rectal suppository must be administered. ANS: 3 The parenteral route provides a means of administration when oral medications are contraindicated. Onset of action is quicker. There is less cause for embarrassment than with a rectal suppository. An enteric-coated medication is given orally. Because the client is vomiting, the oral route should not be used. Nausea does not affect the rate of absorption. It is inaccurate to state that a rectal suppository must be administered. A rectal suppository is one option. The disadvantage of a rectal suppository is that insertion often causes embarrassment for the client. It is contraindicated if there is rectal bleeding or if the client had rectal surgery. Stool in the rectum can impair absorption. DIF: A REF: 694 OBJ: Comprehension